Clinicopathological Spectrum of Indian Adolescent and Young Adults (AYA) Gynecological Tumors: A Retrospective Analysis

Parul  Singh; Meenakshi Barsaul  Chauhan; Pushpa  Dahiya; Vani  Malhotra; Susheela  Chaudhary; Menka  Verma; Pratima  Kalra

doi:10.18502/bccr.v16i3.19695

Parul Singh MBBS, MS Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pt BD Sharma Institute of Health Science, Rohtak, Haryana, India
Meenakshi Barsaul Chauhan MBBS, MS Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pt BD Sharma Institute of Health Science, Rohtak, Haryana, India
Pushpa Dahiya MBBS, MS Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pt BD Sharma Institute of Health Science, Rohtak, Haryana, India
Vani Malhotra MBBS, MS Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pt BD Sharma Institute of Health Science, Rohtak, Haryana, India
Susheela Chaudhary MBBS, MS Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pt BD Sharma Institute of Health Science, Rohtak, Haryana, India
Menka Verma MBBS, Diploma, and DNB Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pt BD Sharma Institute of Health Science, Rohtak, Haryana, India
Pratima Kalra MBBS, MS Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pt BD Sharma Institute of Health Science, Rohtak, Haryana, India

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/bccr.v16i3.19695

Keywords: Adolescent and Young Adults (AYAs); Gynecological Cancers; Sarcoma; Epithelial Tumors

Abstract

Background: Cancers in adolescents and young adults (AYA) represent a bridge between childhood and elderly incidence curves of cancers, demanding tailored approaches and management of their distinct presentations. The literature on Indian gynaecological cancer patients aged 15 to 39 years is limited. Thus, our study aims to determine the distribution of gynaecological tumours, modalities of diagnosis, and treatment employed in managing these patients.

Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional analysis of patients from 15 to 39 years of age who presented with gynaecological tumours was done. The data of all the patients during the study period were recorded and statistically analysed.

Results: The study included 50 patients. The tumours observed were ovarian (78%), cervical (16%), and uterine (6%) in origin. Histopathological diagnosis was benign (46%), malignant (50%), and borderline tumour (4%). CA125 was the most frequently done tumour marker and was raised in 17 cases (34%), of which 13 were malignant. The size of the tumour was greater than 10 cm in 56% of cases. Definitive management strategies included cystectomy/ salpingo-oopherectomy (44%), total hysterectomy and salpingo-oopherectomy (38%), chemoradiation (14%), and conization (2%) in different cancers. The most common benign and malignant ovarian tumours were serous cystadenoma and serous cystadenocarcinoma, respectively. All uterine malignancies were sarcomas.

Conclusion: The burden of gynecological cancers among the AYA population is a matter of emerging concern in India. Timely diagnosis and comprehensive and multidisciplinary management can improve survival and preserve future fertility in young patients with cancer