Study of Ecological Factors Associated With Leishmaniosis in the Township Fariman 2006-2018 Years

Abstract

Introduction: ecological factors such as climate change, environmental, social, economic and political factors are effective in increasing the incidence of Leishmaniasis disease in the Middle East. This study aimed to evaluate ecological causes of leishmaniasis in Fariman city during twelve years (2006-2017).

Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, all patients residing in Fariman city who completed the Leishmaniasis Survey Form were included. The data of climatic variables of the city were also extracted and analyzed using MS- Excel and SPSS software. Finally, the above information was plotted in Arc-GIS software.

Results: The highest incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Fariman are 38.2% in 2009 and the lowest incidence rate in 2017 was 12.0%. According to the incidence date, the disease was in summer, spring, autumn, and according to the date of diagnosis, the disease had a peak in spring, winter, autumn, and summer. In this study, there was no relationship between the type of cutaneous leishmaniasis and any of the demographic variables. There was no significant relationship between climatic variables (temperature, humidity, precipitation), climatic factor of height, vegetation index and Comprehensive plan in rural areas with leishmaniasis.

Conclusion: Considering that most cases of disease were in urban area of Fariman and two rural areas of Ghale No and Kate shamshir, in order to make better use of the GIS, entomological examination in the area and overlap of the relevant layer with other layers such as patients' accommodation and type of cutaneous leishmaniasis are required.