Designing a Multicultural Parenting Training Package and Examining Its Effectiveness on Child-Parent Interaction

Sama  Jadidi; Seyyed Mousa  Kafi Masouleh; Iraj  Shakerinia; Abbas Ali  Hosseinkhanzadeh

doi:10.18502/tbj.v24i3.20764

Sama Jadidi PhD. Student Psychology, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
Seyyed Mousa Kafi Masouleh Professor Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Guilan, Rasht. Iran.
Iraj Shakerinia Associate Professor Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
Abbas Ali Hosseinkhanzadeh Professor Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/tbj.v24i3.20764

Keywords: Parent-Child Relations, Parenting, Culture, Grounded Theory, Parents

Abstract

Introduction: Parenting is a set of parental behaviors and attitudes that are influenced by biological, psychological, and especially cultural factors. Cultural diversity can shape parenting patterns and affect the quality of the parent-child relationship. Therefore, the present study was aimed to design a multicultural parenting training package and determine its effectiveness on parent-child interaction.

Methods: The present study was an exploratory mixed type. The target population included all parents aged 25-40 with children of 5-12. In the qualitative part, based on grounded theory and purposive sampling, 28 parents participated from the Lor, Kurd, Tork, and Gilak ethnic groups in 2022-2023. In the intervention part, pretest-posttest quasi-experimental and follow-up design were implemented on 30 parents from Tehran province in 2023-2024 who were selected by convenience sampling. Participants were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The instruments included demographic questionnaire, semi-structured interview, multicultural parenting package, and child-parent relationship scale.

Results: In the qualitative part, 1410 concepts, 158 categories, and 12 classes were extracted. In the intervention part, analysis of variance with repeated measurement showed that the multicultural parenting training package reduced conflict and increased intimacy (p>0/001), but no significant change was observed in the dependency component.

Conclusion: Paying attention to cultural considerations in training parenting is important. The designed package could improve positive parent-child interaction by reducing conflict and increasing intimacy, but changes in attachment require longer-term interventions. This approach can be used as a scientific and cultural strategy to strengthen family relationships in multi-ethnic contexts.