Protective Effects of N-Acetylcysteine on Dipentyl Phthalate Induced Cognitive Dysfunction and Brain Oxidative Stress in Mice

Sandhya Rani Gautam; Seema Jain; Proteesh Rana; Basudev Banerjee; Pramod Kumari

doi:10.18502/pbr.v8i3.11032

Sandhya Rani Gautam Department of Pharmacology, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, Delhi.
Seema Jain Department of Pharmacology, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, Delhi.
Proteesh Rana Department of Pharmacology, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, Delhi.
Basudev Banerjee Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, Delhi.
Pramod Kumari Department of Pharmacology, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, Delhi.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/pbr.v8i3.11032

Keywords: Phthalate, Oxidative stress, N-acetylcysteine, Reactive oxygen species

Abstract

Background: Dipentyl phthalate (DPeP) is a plasticizer compound commonly used in polyvinylchloride plastic to enhance softness and flexibility. They are not bound covalently to plastic polymers; therefore, they can dissolve into the environment and adversely affect the health of humans and animals.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of DPeP on cognition and protective effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on DPeP induced alteration in cognitive behaviour and oxidative stress markers in mice.

Methods: Mice were orally treated with 2 doses (33 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg) of DPeP for 28 days. Cognitive functions were assessed using spatial navigation tasks on the Morris water maze and the step-down latency in the passive avoidance apparatus. Oxidative stress was assessed by examining the levels of malondialdehyde, glutathione, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine levels in the whole brain of mice.

Results: There was a significant increase in latency in spatial navigation tasks and a significant decline in the step-down latency in passive avoidance apparatus in the DPeP-treated group compared to the control groups. There was also a significant increase in the levels of oxidative stress following DPeP administration as seen with the rise in the levels of malondialdehyde, 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine, and a fall in glutathione and ferric reducing antioxidant power levels.

Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that DPeP adversely affects learning and memory functions in mice by oxidative stress-mediated neuronal damage. These effects were attenuated by pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine.