Beyond Hormones: A Narrative Review of the Multifaceted Burden of Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome on Women’s Physical, Psychological, Social, and Spiritual Well-Being

Abstract

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), "also referred to as polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome (PMOS)" is a common multifactorial endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age and is increasingly recognized as a chronic multisystem condition with effects extending beyond reproductive and metabolic dysfunction. This narrative review examined the psychological consequences of PMOS, their impact on quality of life, and supportive interventions reported in the literature. A search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar identified English-language studies published between 2000 and 2026. The reviewed evidence shows that women with PMOS experience a considerable psychological burden, including anxiety, depression, body image dissatisfaction, reduced self-esteem, and impaired quality of life. Visible clinical features such as hirsutism, acne, alopecia, and weight gain, together with infertility concerns and menstrual irregularities, may negatively affect feminine identity, intimate relationships, and social functioning. Stigma, dissatisfaction with healthcare, and cultural expectations surrounding femininity and fertility may further intensify distress. Although less frequently examined, spiritual well-being may also represent a relevant but underexplored dimension of the lived experience of PMOS. Supportive approaches such as psychological care, lifestyle modification, education, peer support, and culturally responsive multidisciplinary care may help reduce these burdens. Overall, PMOS should be understood not only as a reproductive and metabolic disorder, but also as a condition with important psychological, social, and potentially spiritual consequences. Holistic, patient-centered, and interdisciplinary care is needed to improve quality of life and long-term well-being