Serum Progesterone Levels on the Day of Oocyte Retrieval as a Predictor  of Pregnancy Outcomes in Fresh Embryo Transfer Cycles

Farahnaz Farzaneh; Mahnaz  Ashrafi; Robabeh  Mohammad Beigi; Tayebeh  Azadbakht; Arash  Mohazzab; Eva  Esmael

doi:10.18502/jri.v25i4.18125

Farahnaz Farzaneh Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Mahnaz Ashrafi Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shahid Akbarabadi Clinical Research Development Unit (ShACRDU), Shahid Akbarabadi Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Robabeh Mohammad Beigi Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Tayebeh Azadbakht Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shahid Akbarabadi Clinical Research Development Unit (ShACRDU), Shahid Akbarabadi Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Arash Mohazzab Epidemiology Department, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Eva Esmael Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shahid Akbarabadi Clinical Research Development Unit (ShACRDU), Shahid Akbarabadi Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/jri.v25i4.18125

Keywords: Assisted reproductive technology, Oocyte retrieval, Progesterone

Abstract

Background: Progesterone levels are critical for endometrial receptivity and implantation success in assisted reproductive technology (ART). The purpose of the current study was to determine whether serum progesterone levels on oocyte retrieval day predict pregnancy success in fresh embryo transfers.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a university-affiliated infertility clinic in Tehran, Iran, in 2024. Blood samples were collected to analyze serum levels of estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) using standardized methods. Student’s t-test and the Mann-Whitney U test and Logistic regression were applied for statistical analyses participants. The optimal progesterone cutoff was calculated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve with level of statistical significance of 0.05.

Results: The mean age of participants was 35.56±4.45 years and their mean BMI was 25.98±2.2. Among those who underwent fresh embryo transfer (n=63), 21 had positive serum β-hCG results, and fetal heart rate was detected via ultrasound in 17 patients at six weeks. Progesterone levels were significantly higher in the pregnancy-confirmed group (8.46 ng/ml) in comparison to the non-pregnant group (5.95 ng/ml, p=0.005). Similarly, patients with clinically confirmed pregnancies had significantly higher progesterone levels (8.38 ng/ml) compared to those without clinical pregnancy (6.19 ng/ml, p=0.02). A cutoff of 7.1 ng/ml predicted chemical pregnancy with 76.2% sensitivity and a cutoff of 7.55 ng/ml predicted clinical pregnancy with 71% sensitivity.

Conclusion: Elevated serum progesterone levels on the day of oocyte retrieval may predict positive pregnancy outcomes, highlighting the importance of monitoring progesterone to optimize the success rate of ART.