A Cross Sectional Study on Prescription Pattern of Antiepileptic Medication among Children of Southern Rajasthan in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital

Abstract

Background: Drug utilization studies are powerful exploratory tools for establishing the role of drugs in society and also effective methods for assessing the prescribing pattern of clinicians. Around 4-10% of children suffer at least one seizure episode at 16 years of age. Even after the availability of several Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), choosing the correct drug with accurate dosing will produce seizure-free generation. Hence, this study aims to examine the prescription patterns of drugs in epileptic children. 

Methods: This study was a cross sectional observational study. Children <16 years old visiting neurology department with a history of epileptic seizures and already on antiepileptic drug therapy were included in the study. The data comprised of demographic details, disease history, type of seizure, diagnosis, investigations done, along with prescribed medication noted in case record form. The total study duration was 13 months. 

Results: In this study, the maximum epilepsy encountering age in male and female children was   below the 12-year age group, male predominance was higher than females (male 60.83% vs. female 39.16%). The majority of children were diagnosed with generalized tonic colonic seizures, 54.17%, followed by focal/or partial seizures, 39.17%. Sodium valproate 19.16%, carbamazepine 14.17%, oxcarbazepine 16.67%, and levetriacetam 13.33% were the most commonly prescribed single drug regimens for treating both types of seizures, followed by clobazam added as second and third adjuvant drug in resistant epilepsy to valproate 12.5%, oxcarbazepine 6.67%, and levetriacetam plus carbamazepine combination 5% respectively. 

Conclusion: Monotherapy was majorly followed in 70% of pediatric patients for maintaining better patient compliance. Both old and new AEDs regimens are prescribed for maintaining the quality of life in patients.