Study of Performance Management Models in Leading Universities in the World and Universities of Medical Sciences in Iran: A Critical Analysis of Mandatory Attendance Policies for Faculty Members

Abstract

Introduction: The mandatory attendance policy for faculty members is considered as one of the administrative monitoring methods in some universities. However, the multidimensional nature of academic activities has raised serious questions about the effectiveness of this method. This study proposes an alternative framework for faculty performance management with a critical approach.

Method: This review was conducted through a structured search of articles published in Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases between 2000 and 2026. The inclusion criteria were studies related to faculty performance evaluation systems in higher education in Persian or English. After initial screening and full-text review, a total of 50 studies were included in the final analysis.

Results: The results showed that academic performance is multidimensional and nonlinear in nature and includes teaching, research, student guidance, and administrative activities. Evaluation models based on mandatory attendance are unable to fully represent these activities and may even reduce motivation and efficiency. Evidence shows that leading universities in the world have moved towards performance-based evaluation through peer reviews, annual reports, and research impact indicators.

Conclusion: Considering successful international experiences for evaluating faculty members’ activities, an adapted performance-based model based on professional trust, academic autonomy, and scientific achievements is proposed. This approach is more consistent with the nature of academic performance and the goals of new-generation universities and can help improve university productivity, although its implementation requires institutional reforms.