Evaluating the Psychiatric Comorbidity in Patients with Substance Use Disorder After a Suicide Attempt in Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Taft, Iran

Parvane  Rashidpour; Alireza  Mahmoudi; Hamidreza  Ghasemirad; Seyed Mojtaba  Yassini Ardekani; Ghasem  Dastjerdi; Fatemeh  Hosseini; Hamid  Owliaey; Mehrnoush  Giahi Yazdi; Reza  Bidaki

doi:10.18502/jimc.v9i2.21176

Parvane Rashidpour Department of Psychiatry, Research Center of Addiction and Behavioral Sciences, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
Alireza Mahmoudi Student Research Committee, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
Hamidreza Ghasemirad Student Research Committee, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
Seyed Mojtaba Yassini Ardekani Department of Psychiatry, Research Center of Addiction and Behavioral Sciences, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
Ghasem Dastjerdi Department of Psychiatry, Research Center of Addiction and Behavioral Sciences, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
Fatemeh Hosseini Department of Psychiatry, Research Center of Addiction and Behavioral Sciences, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
Hamid Owliaey Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Islamic Azad University, Yazd Branch, Yazd, Iran
Mehrnoush Giahi Yazdi Social Security Organization of Yazd, Iran
Reza Bidaki Department of Psychiatry, Research Center of Addiction and Behavioral Sciences, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/jimc.v9i2.21176

Keywords: Major depressive disorder, Psychiatric, Substance related disorders, Suicide

Abstract

Background: Psychiatric comorbidity and substance use disorders were major risk factors for suicide. In Iran, although suicide rates are rising, there is limited research in this regard, therefore, this study aims to investigate the relationship between psychiatric comorbidity and substance use disorder in these patients through a retrospective review of medical records.

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 413 medical records of patients with substance use disorder who had attempted suicide and were hospitalized at Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Taft, Iran from 2014 to 2023. Diagnosis of poisoning was done under the supervision of a clinical toxicology and poisoning fellowship. Psychiatric diagnoses were established based on DSM-5 criteria through clinical interviews. Chi-Square test and logistic regression analysis were used for analysis.

Results: Among the patients, Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) was the most common comorbidity (53%). Methadone was the most frequent substance use disorder (20.1%). Significant associations were found between MDD and factors such as age, education, employment status, and methadone and benzodiazepine use. Logistic regression analysis indicated strong positive associations between opioid, cannabis, and methamphetamine use and the likelihood of having bipolar disorder [Odds Ratios (OR): 8.96, 13.59, and 8.22, respectively; p<0.01]. Methamphetamine use was also significantly associated with increased odds of personality disorders (OR=3.002; 95%CI: 1.195–7.545; p=0.019).

Conclusion: MDD was the most prevalent psychiatric disorder among patients with substance use disorder after a suicide attempt, with higher prevalence observed in younger, less educated, and unemployed individuals. Methamphetamine use was significantly associated with increased odds of developing personality disorders. Additionally, opioid, cannabis, and methamphetamine use were linked to a higher likelihood of developing bipolar disorder.