Perspectives of Patients with Mental Health Disorders on Integrating the Spirituality and Religion into Psychiatric Assessments: A Study in Iran

Hadi Ranjbar; Fatemeh Hadi; Ruohollah Seddigh; Nadereh Memaryan; Harold G. Koenig; Fatemeh Shirzad

doi:10.18502/jimc.v7i3.15732

Hadi Ranjbar Mental Health Research Center, Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Fatemeh Hadi Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Ruohollah Seddigh Spiritual Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Nadereh Memaryan Spiritual Health Research Center, Mental Health Department, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Harold G. Koenig Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, the US, Adjunct Professor, Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, P.R. China, Visiting Professor, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
Fatemeh Shirzad Spiritual Health Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/jimc.v7i3.15732

Keywords: Cross-sectional studies, Educational status, Humans, Iran, Islam, Mental health, Reproducibility of results, Spirituality, Surveys and questionnaires

Abstract

Background: In recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on exploring the influence of spirituality/religion on the management of mental health disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the viewpoints of Iranian patients with mental health disorders regarding the incorporation of spirituality into their assessment.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021 at Iran University of Medical Sciences. Initially, a questionnaire was developed based on key spiritual concepts identified from a literature review. The content and face validity of the questionnaire were evaluated by an expert panel, and its reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Data collection was carried out in the second phase, with the questionnaire consisting of 4 questions examining the patients’ perceived need and willingness for their therapist to explore their spiritual and religious dimensions. Data analysis was performed using appropriate statistical tests.

Results: The questionnaire’s validity was confirmed, and its reliability was demonstrated with a Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.79. A total of 368 patients participated in the study. No significant associations were observed between the participants’ educational level, diagnosis type, gender, and the questionnaire scores. Approximately half of the patients with mental health disorders expressed a desire to incorporate spiritual assessments into their psychological evaluations, with most welcoming this integration.

Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that despite challenges and barriers, efforts should be made to integrate spiritual dimensions into the treatment of patients.