Prevalence and Associated Factors of Osteoporosis in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients

Alireza Eslaminejad; Hooman Sharifi; Makan Sadr; Farzaneh Dastan; Atefeh Fakharian; Jalal Heshmatnia; Maryam Sadat Mirenayat; Hadis Najafimehr

doi:10.18502/jimc.v6i1.11846

Alireza Eslaminejad Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Hooman Sharifi Tobacco Prevention and Control Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Makan Sadr Virology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Farzaneh Dastan Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Atefeh Fakharian Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Jalal Heshmatnia Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Maryam Sadat Mirenayat Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Hadis Najafimehr Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/jimc.v6i1.11846

Keywords: Bone density, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Iran, Osteoporosis

Abstract

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a lifestyle-related chronic inflammatory pulmonary disease and a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence and associated factors of osteopenia and osteoporosis in COPD patients.

Methods:A total of 91 COPD patients were recruited from October 2017 and December 2018. Lung function test, CAT score, 6-minutes’ walk test, Modified Medical Research Council (MMRC) dyspnea score and body mass index, air flow obstruction, dyspnea, and exercise capacity (BODE index) were evaluated in the patients. Bone Mineral Density (BMD) measurements of the femoral neck, total femur (including femoral neck, trochanter, and intertrochanter area), and lumbar spine were conducted using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. A T-score which was 2.5 standard deviations (SDs) below the average value was indicative of osteoporosis, in accordance with the World Health Organization criteria. We excluded COPD patients who had asthma, malignancy, and fracture.

Results: There were 86 males (mean age ± SD: 66.49±9.40 years) and 5 females (mean age±SD: 65.40±12.40 years). Among all the patients, 46 (51.1 %) patients had osteopenia and 36 (40 %) had osteoporosis. Comparing COPD grades showed grade 2 was a more prevalent grade (41.1 %). There was no statistically association between femoral neck T score (mean±SD: -2.21±0.89) and COPD grade (P= 0.58), while lumber spine T score (mean±SD: -2.13±1.11) was statistically decreased with increasing severity of COPD (p= 0.02).

Conclusion: The results of our study demonstrated that osteoporosis is common among COPD patients. Moreover, we found significant correlations between BMI, walking test, FEV1, MMRC, and BODE index.