Prevalence, Demographic Characteristics and Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders in Children and Adolescents with Substance Use Disorder in Iran

Mohammad Reza Mohammadi; Seyed Kaveh  Hojjat; Ali Khaleghi; Zahra Hooshyari; Seyed-Ali Mostafavi; Seyyed Salman Alavi; Nastaran Ahmadi; Faezeh Kaviyani; Ameneh Ahmadi; Alireza  Armani Kian; Nasrin  Sarraf; Parvin Safavi; Mina Norozi Khalili; Siavash Talepasand; Shahrokh Amiri; Parviz Molavi; Hadi Akbari; Soroor Arman; Soleiman Mohammadzadeh; Maryam Kousha; Atieh Golbon; Seyed Hamzeh  Hosseini; Ali Delpisheh; Azizollah Mojahed; Fatemeh Moharari; Reza Dastjerdi; Nasrin Jaberghaderi; Rahim Ostovar; Mehriar Nadr  Mohammadi Moghadam; Maryam  Salmanian; Hadi Zarafshan

doi:10.18502/jimc.v5i4.11333

Mohammad Reza Mohammadi Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
Seyed Kaveh Hojjat Addiction and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
Ali Khaleghi Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
Zahra Hooshyari Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
Seyed-Ali Mostafavi Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
Seyyed Salman Alavi Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
Nastaran Ahmadi Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
Faezeh Kaviyani Addiction and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
Ameneh Ahmadi Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
Alireza Armani Kian Department of Psychiatry, Zanjan University of Medical Science, Zanjan, Iran
Nasrin Sarraf Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
Parvin Safavi Clinical Research Development Unit, Hajar Hospital, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
Mina Norozi Khalili Addiction and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
Siavash Talepasand Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
Shahrokh Amiri Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Parviz Molavi Department of Psychiatry, Fatemi Hospital, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
Hadi Akbari Addiction and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
Soroor Arman Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
Soleiman Mohammadzadeh Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
Maryam Kousha Department of Pediatric Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
Atieh Golbon Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
Seyed Hamzeh Hosseini Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
Ali Delpisheh Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health & Safety and Safety Promotion &Injury Prevention Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Azizollah Mojahed Department of Clinical Psychology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
Fatemeh Moharari Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Reza Dastjerdi Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
Nasrin Jaberghaderi Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
Rahim Ostovar Social Determinant of Health Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
Mehriar Nadr Mohammadi Moghadam Department of Psychiatry, school of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
Maryam Salmanian Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
Hadi Zarafshan Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/jimc.v5i4.11333

Keywords: Children and adolescents, Comorbidity, Prevalence, Substance use disorder

Abstract

Background: The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of substance use disorder in Iranian children and adolescents and its relationship with demographic characteristics and psychiatric comorbidities.

Methods: The data were taken from a national survey on the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in Iranian children and adolescents. The national survey was conducted on 30,532 children and adolescents aged 6-18 years which were selected using multistage cluster sampling. The psychiatric disorders were assessed by employing k-SADS-PL questionnaire and interviews carried out by 240 clinical psychologists with the participants and their parents. Data were analyzed by Chi-square test and logistic regression.

Results: A total of 277 (0.97%) were diagnosed as people with substance use disorder that were further studied for comorbid disorders. Among the various types of drugs, hypnotic/sedative/anti-anxiety drugs were abused by 84 people (46.15%), cannabis by 68 (37.36%) and stimulants by 43 (23.63%). The variables of gender, place of residence, and father’s occupation and parents’ education level were identified as predictors of substance use disorder in children and adolescents. At the same time, 42.50% substances and alcohol abusing people had at least one comorbid psychiatric disorder and the highest comorbidity was observed in oppositional defiant disorder, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder and separation anxiety disorder (p≤0.05).

Conclusion: The findings can be used in the prevention and treatment of substance use disorder and promotion of mental health in children and adolescents by focusing on the psychiatric comorbidities of people with substance use disorder.