Effect of Dietary Clove (Syzygium Aromaticum) Essential Oil on Growth Performance, Oxidative Indices, Lipid Profile, and Cadmium Accumulation in Cd-exposed Quails

Elaheh  Askari; Aziz A.  Fallah; Saeid  Habibian Dehkordi; Shahab  Bahadoran; Abdonnaser  Mohebbi; Sara  Mohamadi

doi:10.18502/jehsd.v7i3.10726

Elaheh Askari Nutritional Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
Aziz A. Fallah Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahre-kord University, Shahre-kord, Iran.
Saeid Habibian Dehkordi Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahre-kord University, Shahre-kord, Iran
Shahab Bahadoran Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahre-kord University, Shahre-kord, Iran
Abdonnaser Mohebbi Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahre-kord University, Shahre-kord, Iran
Sara Mohamadi Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahre-kord University, Shahre-kord, Iran

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/jehsd.v7i3.10726

Keywords: Cadmium Chloride, Oxidative Damage, Oxidative Stress, Quail

Abstract

Introduction: Natural products can alleviate oxidative stress induced by toxic metals. This study evaluated antioxidant properties of clove essential oil (CEO), compared to oxidative deterioration of Cd. It was carried out by measuring growth performance parameters (BW, FI, and FCR), oxidative indices (TBARS, CP, CAT, SOD, and GPx), lipid profile (TG, TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C), and Cd bioaccumulation in quails.

Materials and Methods: In this study, 480 Japanese quails were fed with diets for 35 days. The diets included basal diet, basal diet + VC (500 mg/kg), basal diet + CEO (450 mg/kg), basal diet + CEO (100 mg/kg), basal diet + VC (500 mg/kg) + Cd (40 mg/l), basal diet + CEO (450 mg/kg) + Cd (40 mg/l), basal diet + CEO (100 mg/kg) + Cd (40 mg/l), and basal diet + Cd (40 mg/l). Oxidative indices and Cd bioaccumulation (ICP-OES) were measured.

Results: The major ingredients of CEO included Eugenol (77.63%) and β-Caryophyllene (9.55%). Quails exposed to Cd and treated with CEO had a reduced amount of oxidative stress as evidenced by lower concentrations of TBARS and CP, higher activities of SOD, GPx, and CAT, an improved lipid profile, and lower accumulation of Cd compared to the positive control. However, FI and FCR did not change.

Conclusion: Antioxidant properties of CEO were dose-dependent. CEO (450 mg/kg) was potentially as effective as, or even more potent than VC (500 mg/kg) in reducing the adverse effects of Cd. However, further studies are required to determine the minimum concentration of COE.