Therapy-related myeloid leukemia following Pleuropulmonary blastoma: A case report

  • Nahid Reisi Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Child Growth and Development Research Center and Isfahan Immunodefciency Research Center, Seyed Al-Shohada Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
  • Pardis Nematolahy Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Keywords: Alkylating Agents, Leukemia, Lung Neoplasms, Topoisomerase II Inhibitors

Abstract

The development of secondary malignancy (SM) is the most worrisome long-term complication of childhood cancer. Acute myeloid leukemia is the most prevalent neoplasm that occurs after treatment with alkylating agents and topoisomerase II inhibitors. Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is a rare lung neoplasm in children. Type II and type III of this cancer are markedly aggressive and have a recurrent nature. Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) are treatment modalities that make these patients prone to secondary malignancy. Here was presented and discussed a case of myeloid leukemia 3.5 years after treatment of Pleuropulmonary blastoma in a 5.5-year-old boy who was a candidate for high dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cells transplant (auto-SCT) because of frequent recurrence and lack of response to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. It seems this is the first reported case of therapy-related myeloid leukemia (t-AML) after PPB in children. Awareness of the creation of this complication following administration of cytotoxic therapies in the treatment of solid tumors will increase physician attention in the selection of treatment modality as well as the counseling of patients at the time of diagnosis.

Published
2022-01-15
Section
Articles