Role of biofilms in the survival of Legionella pneumophila to sodium chloride treatment

Abdelwahid Assaidi; Mostafa Ellouali; Hassan Latrache; Hafida Zahir; El Mostafa Mliji

doi:10.18502/ijm.v13i4.6973

Abdelwahid Assaidi Laboratory of Bioprocess and Biointerfaces, Faculty of Sciences and Technics, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco
Mostafa Ellouali Laboratory of Bioprocess and Biointerfaces, Faculty of Sciences and Technics, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco
Hassan Latrache Laboratory of Bioprocess and Biointerfaces, Faculty of Sciences and Technics, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco
Hafida Zahir Laboratory of Bioprocess and Biointerfaces, Faculty of Sciences and Technics, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco
El Mostafa Mliji Laboratory of Water Microbiology and Environmental Hygiene, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v13i4.6973

Keywords: Biofilms; Legionella pneumophila; Disinfection; Sodium chloride; Water-borne diseases

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Legionnaires’ disease continues to be a public health concern. Colonized water distribution systems are often implicated in Legionella transmission, despite the use of various disinfection strategies, the bacterium is capable to persist and survive in water systems. The aim of this study was to investigate the persistence of Legionella pneumophila to sodium chloride over time at different temperatures and analysing the role of biofilms in the survival of this bacteria.

Materials and Methods: L. pneumophila serogroup 1 and L. pneumophila serogroup 2-15 were used to study the effect of sodium chloride on planktonic and sessile cells. The tested concentrations were: 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 6% and 8% (W/V) NaCl. Biofilms were grown on 24-well microplates.

Results: At 20°C, L. pneumophila planktonic cells were able to survive in sodium chloride concentrations up to 2%. How- ever, at 37°C, a sodium chloride concentration over 1.5%, reduced systematically the numbers of bacterial cells. Biofilms were grown for 20 days in the absence and presence of sodium chloride. The results show that bacterial strains were able to survive and regrow after the sodium chloride shock (2-3%). Moreover, it seems that this effect is less expressed with the age of the biofilm; old biofilms were more persistent than the young ones.

Conclusion: Results from this study demonstrate that the sodium chloride disinfection strategy was effective on Legionella pneumophila planktonic cells but not on biofilms, which demonstrate the role of biofilms in the persistence and recoloniza- tion of L. pneumophila in water distribution systems.