The potency of luliconazole against clinical and environmental Aspergillus nigri complex
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Black Aspergillus strains including, Aspergillus niger and A. tubingensis, are the most cause
of otomycosis with worldwide distribution. Although, amphotericin B was a Gold standard for the treatment of invasive
fungal infection for several decades, it gradually replaced by fluconazole and /or voriconazole. Moreover, luliconazole,
appears to offer the best potential for in vitro activity against black Aspergillus strains. The aim of the present study was
to compare the in vitro activity luliconazole, with commonly used antifungals against clinical and environmental strains of
black Aspergillus.
Materials and Methods: Sixty seven (37 clinical and 30 environmental) strains of black Aspergillus were identified using
morphological and molecular technique (β-Tubulin gene). In addition, antifungal susceptibility test was applied according to
CLSI M38 A2. The results were reported as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) or minimum effective concentration
(MEC) range, MIC50 or MEC50, MIC90 or MEC90 and MIC geometric (GM) or MECGM.
Results: Aspergillus niger was the common isolate followed by, A. tubingensis in both clinical and environmental strains.
The lowest MIC range, MIC50, MIC90, and MICGM was attributed to luliconazole in clinical strains. The highest resistant rate
was found in amphotericin B for both clinical (86.5%) and environmental (96.7%) strains whereas 54.1% of clinical and 30%
of environmental isolates were resistant to caspofungin. Clinical strains of Aspergillus were more sensitive to voriconazole
(86.7%) than environmental strains (70.3%). On the other hand, 83.8% of clinical and 70% of environmental isolates were
resistant to posaconazole.
Conclusion: Luliconazole versus amphotericin B, voriconazole, posaconazole and caspofungin is a potent antifungal for
Aspergillus Nigri complex. The in vitro extremely antifungal efficacy against black Aspergillus strains of luliconazole, is
different from those of other used antifungals.
