Pattern and trend of bacterial resistance in neonatal sepsis in infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit, from 2016 to 2021

Amir  Naddaf; Mohammad  Ansari Nasab; Mamak  Shariat; Parvaneh  Sadeghi-Moghaddam; Samaneh  Salarvand; Zahra  Omidi; Neda Sadat  Kosari; Leyla  Sahebi

doi:10.18502/ijm.v17i4.19226

Amir Naddaf Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Research Center, Family Health Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Mohammad Ansari Nasab Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Research Center, Family Health Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Mamak Shariat Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Research Center, Family Health Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Parvaneh Sadeghi-Moghaddam Breastfeeding Research Center, Family Health Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Samaneh Salarvand Department of Anatomical and Clinical Pathology, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Zahra Omidi Breastfeeding Research Center, Family Health Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Neda Sadat Kosari Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Research Center, Family Health Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Leyla Sahebi Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Research Center, Family Health Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v17i4.19226

Keywords: Sepsis; Neonatal; Drug resistance; Bacterial; Intensive care units; Neonatal; Klebsiella pneumonia; Staphylococ- cus; Coagulase-negative; Microbial sensitivity tests; Blood culture

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Neonatal septicemia is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Understanding the patterns of antibiotic resistance and pathogen prevalence is crucial for effective treat- ment.

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from 2016 to 2022 in the NICU of Vali-Asr Hospital in Tehran. All neonates diagnosed with septicemia were included. Data were collected using the hospital's registry system. Results: A total of 477 infants were hospitalized with sepsis, with 71.7% classified as early-onset sepsis (EOS) and 28.3% as late-onset sepsis (LOS). The most common pathogens were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (22.1%), Klebsiella pneu- moniae (14.9%), and Staphylococcus epidermidis (14.3%). The highest antibiotic resistance was observed for erythromy- cin (89.8%), clindamycin (80.6%), gentamicin (66.1%), and ciprofloxacin (63.5%), while vancomycin showed the lowest resistance (11.2%). Significant associations were found between antibiotic resistance with low birth weight and chest tube intervention. Trends in antibiotic resistance varied over the study period, with a notable decrease in resistance in 2021.

Conclusion: The study highlights the high prevalence of antibiotic resistance in neonatal sepsis, emphasizing the need for continuous monitoring and tailored antibiotic stewardship programs. The findings underscore the importance of individual- ized treatment approaches to improve outcomes for neonates with sepsis.