Resistance profiles of Staphylococcus aureus isolates against frequently used antibiotics at private sector laboratories in Jordan

Rania  Al-Groom; Ghina Al-Saraireh; Sultan Ayesh  Mohammed Saghir; Mohd Sajjad  Ahmad Khan; Areej M.  Almanaseer; Laila  Alswalha; Wesal  Alraei; Dalia Abu  Al-Haijaa; Maha  Hdaib; Anas  Da'meh; Shereen Z  Burjaq; Omar  Al-Dmour; Fuad  Alhawarat

doi:10.18502/ijm.v17i2.18382

Rania Al-Groom Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Zarqa University, Zarqa, Jordan
Ghina Al-Saraireh Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Zarqa University, Zarqa, Jordan
Sultan Ayesh Mohammed Saghir Department of Medical Analysis, Princess Aisha Bint Al-Hussein College of Nursing and Medical Sciences, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma`an, Jordan
Mohd Sajjad Ahmad Khan Department of Basic Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
Areej M. Almanaseer Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Zarqa University, Zarqa, Jordan
Laila Alswalha Department of Allied Medical Sciences, Zarqa University College, Al-Balqa Applied University, Zarqa, Jordan
Wesal Alraei Department of Diet Therapy Technology and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Zarqa University, Al-Zarqa, Jordan
Dalia Abu Al-Haijaa Department of Diet Therapy Technology and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Zarqa University, Al-Zarqa, Jordan
Maha Hdaib Department of Allied Medical Sciences, Zarqa University College, Al-Balqa Applied University, Zarqa, Jordan
Anas Da'meh Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Zarqa University, Zarqa, Jordan
Shereen Z Burjaq Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Science, Al-Balqa Applied University, Salt, Jordan
Omar Al-Dmour Department of Allied Medical Sciences, Zarqa University college, Al-Balqa Applied University, Salt, Jordan
Fuad Alhawarat Department of Applied Medical Sciences, Al Hussein Bin Abdullah II Academy for Civil Protection, Al-Balqa Applied University, Salt, Jordan

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v17i2.18382

Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus; Multidrug-resistant organisms; Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains; MecA; SCCmec

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the most important pathogens, responsible for a range of infections. This study aimed to assess resistance patterns in S. aureus isolates obtained from certain private-sector laboratories against commonly used antimicrobial agents.

Materials and Methods: The process involved collecting various samples from several private laboratories and then identi- fying S. aureus isolates using biochemical characterization. The antibiotic susceptibility of these isolates was determined by disc diffusion method . Furthermore, Rt-PCR was employed to identify two genes namely the methicillin/oxacillin resistance genes (mecA), and (SCCmec).

Results: The findings of the current study exhibited that females constituted a larger proportion of the participants (59.1%) compared to males (40.9%), with a mean participant age of 40.82 years. Gram-positive bacteria were more prevalent (71.3%) than Gram-negative bacteria (18.3%), with S. aureus being the most frequent isolate (60.9%). Urine samples represented the highest collected sample type (47.8%). Out of the 115 bacterial isolates, 85.2% exhibited multidrug resistance to antibiotics such as cefazolin, gentamicin, vancomycin, and ceftazidime. Clindamycin was the most effective antibiotic, with a sensitivity rate of 62.9%, followed by teicoplanin and meropenem, each with a sensitivity rate of 52.9%. Methicillin-resistant Staphylo-coccus aureus (MRSA) strains were susceptabile to vancomycin and teicoplanin. The methicillin/oxacillin resistant isolates showed significant association with mecA and SCCA genes.

Conclusion: This study highlighted the multi-drug resistance in S. aureus isolates, stressing the need for stringent antibiotic stewardship, continuous surveillance, and further research into alternative treatments, including novel antibiotics and com- bination therapy, to combat resistant strains.