Anti-invasion activities of heat-killed lactic acid bacteria isolates against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium

Anis Syahirah Saifor  Adzuan; Sharifah Aminah Syed  Mohamad; Rashidah  Iberahim; Noor Nadia  Syahira Mohd Kamal; Nurliana Abd  Mutalib; Nur  Intan Hasbullah; Muneer  Alsaydi; Nor'aishah  Hasan; Low Kheng  Oon; Olaide Olawunmi  Ajibola; Rozila  Alias; Maimunah  Mustakim; Azlin Sham  Rambely; Emida  Mohamed; Mohammad Reza  Pourmand

doi:10.18502/ijm.v16i6.17254

Anis Syahirah Saifor Adzuan Microbial Metabolite Laboratory, Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Products Discovery (AuRIns), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
Sharifah Aminah Syed Mohamad Microbial Metabolite Laboratory, Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Products Discovery (AuRIns), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
Rashidah Iberahim School of Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
Noor Nadia Syahira Mohd Kamal School of Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
Nurliana Abd Mutalib Microbial Metabolite Laboratory, Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Products Discovery (AuRIns), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
Nur Intan Hasbullah Microbial Metabolite Laboratory, Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Products Discovery (AuRIns), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
Muneer Alsaydi Microbial Metabolite Laboratory, Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Products Discovery (AuRIns), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
Nor'aishah Hasan School of Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
Low Kheng Oon Cell and Synthetic Biology Centre, Malaysia Genome and Vaccine Institute (MGVI), National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia (NIBM), Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
Olaide Olawunmi Ajibola Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
Rozila Alias Centre for Foundation and General Studies, Universiti Selangor, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
Maimunah Mustakim Centre for Medical Laboratory Technology Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
Azlin Sham Rambely Centre for Medical Laboratory Technology Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
Emida Mohamed Centre for Medical Laboratory Technology Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
Mohammad Reza Pourmand Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v16i6.17254

Keywords: Salmonella Typhimurium; Lactic acid bacteria; Caco-2 cells; Anti-invasion

Abstract

Background and Objectives: The most common cause of severe foodborne salmonellosis is S. Typhimurium. Its interaction with intestinal epithelial cells is little known. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were recognized as a prominent probiotic gastroin- testinal microbiota of humans and animals that confer health-promoting and protective effects. This study aims to determine the anti-invasion and antibacterial effects of heat-killed LAB (HK-LAB) isolates against S. Typhimurium towards human intestinal cells.

Materials and Methods: 12 HK-LAB isolates from 3 sources of origin (stingless bee, plant, and food) were tested to determine the adhesion of HK-LAB to Caco-2 cells, anti-invasion and antibacterial activities against S. Typhimurium, the adhesion and invasion pattern of S. Typhimurium on intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2) and assessing the effect of LAB on the S. Typhimurium-host cell interaction.

Results: Tairu isolates from food have the highest adhesion rate with 19 ± 1.32/10 Caco-2 cells followed by HK-LAB R-iso- late from plant 17 ± 0.70/10 Caco-2 cells, which is similar to the control (Lactobacillus casei). In the anti-invasion assay, the two HK-LAB isolates that had the strongest adherence to Caco-2 cells, Tairu-isolate inhibited at 78.1 ± 3.06% and R-isolate inhibited at 64.76 ± 9.02% compared to the positive control (63.81 ± 1.15%), which led to increased suppression of S. Ty- phimurium accordingly. Tairu and R isolates were tested for their antibacterial ability against S. Typhimurium. Both R and Tairu isolates displayed strong inhibition zones (27 ± 0.06 mm, 23 ± 0.06 mm) respectively.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that the anti-invasion activities of HK-LAB R and Tairu may correlate to their bacteri- cidal effects that serve to protect the host from infection.