New nano-chemotherapeutic chitosans- garlic oil - antibiotics against diabetic foot virulent Proteus spp

Khouloud M.  Barakat; Yousry M.  Gohar; Hasnaa E-B.  Ghonam; Ghada A.  Bashir

doi:10.18502/ijm.v16i5.16802

Khouloud M. Barakat National Institute of Oceanography & Fisheries, Alexandria, Egypt
Yousry M. Gohar Department Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
Hasnaa E-B. Ghonam National Institute of Oceanography & Fisheries, Alexandria, Egypt
Ghada A. Bashir Department Botany, Faculty of Science, Tobruk University, Tobruk, Libya

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v16i5.16802

Keywords: Antidiabeitic agents; Garlic oil; Nanochitosan; Proteus spp; Synergy

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Diabetes foot ulcer is recognized to have a major side effect that raises the risk of amputation. Diabetic ulcer bacterial infections caused by virulent and resistant bacteria like Proteus mirabilis lead to serious wounds that are incurable with conventional medications.

Materials and Methods: In this study, we evaluated the antibacterial activity of a natural product nanochitosan - garlic oil against ten diabetic foot isolates of Proteus mirabilis. Various chitosans (Crab (CScr) - shrimp (CSsh) - squilla (CSsq)) in nano form were prepared and coated with garlic oil (GO). GC-MS analysis was carried out to determine the main compo- nents of the essential garlic oil. The physicochemical properties of GO-NCSsq were analyzed using dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potentials (ZP) and subsequently scan electron microscope (SEM). Additionally, the minimum inhibitory con- centration (MIC) and fraction inhibitory concentration index (FICI) were determined.

Results: GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of major palmitic fatty acid. (GO) loaded on nanochitosan squilla (NCSsq) showed high activity. Although SEM showed lower nano-size, average size of the GO-NCSsq was 330.8 nm by DLS and its zeta potential formulation was +39.6 mV. The final formulation represented by GO-NCSsq + Pipercillin (Pi) inhibited the virulence factor of P. mirabilis and reduced the MIC value (p-value > 0.001). Moreover, the killing time at 9 h was found to be significantly higher for GO-NCSsq + pipercillin (Pi) against P. mirabilis.

Conclusion: In order to manage diabetic foot infections, GO-NCSsq is a legitimate antibacterial agent that can be coupled with other antibiotics.