Sequence analysis of isolated strains of herpes zoster virus among patients with shingles

Mohammed Jasim Mohammed Shallal; Hind Ali Nasser; Alaa Abdul  Hassen Naif

doi:10.18502/ijm.v16i4.16312

Mohammed Jasim Mohammed Shallal Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Thi-Qar, Thi-Qar, Iraq
Hind Ali Nasser Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Thi-Qar, Thi-Qar, Iraq
Alaa Abdul Hassen Naif Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, University of Thi-Qar, Thi-Qar, Iraq

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v16i4.16312

Keywords: Herpes zoster virus; Human herpesvirus 3 (HHV-3); Varicella zoster virus; Shingles; Major capsid protein (HSV-1 capsid protein ICP5); Herpesvirus 3 (alpha)

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Herpes zoster, or shingles, is caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), which initially presents as chickenpox in children. VZV is a global health concern, especially in winter and spring, affecting 10-20% of adults over 50 and posing a 30% risk for the general population. This study used PCR to detect VZV, confirming results with duplicated DNA samples and identifying 234 bp fragments by targeting the gpB gene.

Materials and Methods: This study examined 50 herpes zoster cases from October 2020 to April 2021, involving 30 males and 20 females aged 10 to 90, diagnosed by dermatologists. Data were collected via a questionnaire. PCR detected VZV by amplifying the gpB and MCP genes from skin lesion samples. Six positive 234-bp PCR products were sequenced at Macro- gen Inc. in Seoul, South Korea.

Results: Six DNA samples with 234 bp amplicons were sequenced, showing 99-100% similarity to human alpha herpesvirus sequences in the gpB gene. NCBI BLAST matched these sequences to a reference (GenBank acc. MT370830.1), assigning accession numbers LC642111, LC642112, and LC642113. Eight nucleic acid substitutions caused amino acid changes in the gpB protein: isoleucine to threonine, serine to isoleucine, and threonine to Proline. These variants were deposited in NCBI GenBank as gpB3 samples.

Conclusion: The study found high sequence similarity to known VZV sequences, identifying six nucleic acid variations and eight SNPs. Notable amino acid changes in the gpB protein were deposited in NCBI GenBank as the gpB3 sample.