Identification of Candida spp. isolated from oral mucosa in patients with leukemias and lymphomas in Iran

Sara  Hamzeh; Davood  Kalantar-Neyestanaki; Mohammad  Ali Mohammadi; Saeed  Nasibi; Seyed Amin  Ayatollahi Mousavi

doi:10.18502/ijm.v11i2.1072

Sara Hamzeh
Davood Kalantar-Neyestanaki
Mohammad Ali Mohammadi
Saeed Nasibi
Seyed Amin Ayatollahi Mousavi

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v11i2.1072

Keywords: Candida spp; Oral candidiasis; Hematologic malignancies; Lymphomas

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Oral candidiasis is a serious problem for immunocompromised patients, especially patients with hematological malignancies. After becoming a systemic candidiasis it is difficult to diagnose, control and treat in indi- viduals with hematological malignancies. The aim of this study was to diagnose candidiasis in the oral mucosa of patients with leukemias and lymphomas in a timely manner in order to prevent their progression to systemic candidiasis.

Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study, 50 clinical samples were collected from the mouth of patients with hematological malignancies undergoing chemotherapy from the oncology units of teaching hospitals in Kerman, Iran. Pa- tients were from Kerman, Sistan-Baluchestan and Hormozgan in south-eastern Iran. Sampling was restricted to patients with diagnosed acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL); acute myeloid leukemia (AML); chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL); chronic myeloid leukemia (CML); Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). Presumptive species identi- fication of fungi was performed using conventional methods like colony characteristics on CHROMagar Candida medium, germ tube production, and assessing the morphology fungi on corn meal agar. Confirmation of presumptive candida isolates was performed using PCR-RFLP.

Results: From a total of 50, 14 patients (28%) had positive oral candidiasis. Candida albicans (57.14%) was the most com- mon species followed by Candida glabrata (14.28%), Candida parapsilosis (14.28%), Candida krusei (7.14%) and Candida kefyr (7.14%). Candida albicans had the highest rate of oral infection in ALL (35.71%) and then NHL (28.57%) patients. Conclusion: The results indicate that oral candidiasis is a prevalent fungal infection in the patients with hematologic ma- lignancies with C. albicans being the main etiological agent. However, other species of Candida cause similar infections in these patients.