A Report of Two Patients with Food Protein-induced Enterocolitis Mimicking Bartter Syndrome

Sepideh Darougar; Arezoo Shirzani; Mahboubeh Mansouri; Masoumeh Mohkam

doi:10.18502/ijaai.v20i5.7415

Sepideh Darougar Department of Pediatrics, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Arezoo Shirzani Department of Pediatrics, Mofid’s Children Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Mahboubeh Mansouri Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Mofid’s Children Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Masoumeh Mohkam Pediatric Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/ijaai.v20i5.7415

Keywords: Bartter syndrome; Failure to thrive; Food hypersensitivity

Abstract

Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES), is a non-IgE mediated food allergy presenting in infants younger than 12 months. Diagnostic delay may occur due to overlapping clinical symptoms with several conditions. Here, we present two cases of FPIES, mistakenly diagnosed and treated as Bartter syndrome. This study aims to emphasize the several features of this syndrome that may mimic other diagnoses and sometimes leading to near-death events due to delay in the diagnosis and improper treatment. The first patient was a 30-month-old boy with multiple episodes of profuse vomiting and diarrhea within 1 hour after breastfeeding, beginning from the first month of life progressing to hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis at the age of 5 months leading to the diagnosis of Bartter syndrome. The second patient had a history of unremitting diarrhea which had been started soon after his first breastfeeding followed by biliary vomiting on the 7^th day of life. He was treated in another hospital for neonatal sepsis, however, without an appropriate response to treatment. To conclude, despite the current belief on the rarity of FPIES, it is a more prevalent disease than expected with various non-specific manifestations imitating other conditions which may result in diagnostic delay and sometimes fatalities. To shed light on the importance of the physicians’ awareness of this syndrome, these two cases are presented here as examples of FPIES imitating other disorders.