Are Asthma and COPD Risk Factors for Poor Outcomes in COVID-19? A Single-center Observational Study in the South of Iran

Latife  Jabbari; Mohammad  Mohammadi Pashtooi; Zahra  Alipour; Saeed Hosseini  Teshnizi; Saeed  Hayati

doi:10.18502/ijaai.v24i2.18144

Latife Jabbari Department of Emergency Medicine, Shahid Mohammadi Hospital, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
Mohammad Mohammadi Pashtooi Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
Zahra Alipour Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
Saeed Hosseini Teshnizi Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences,
Saeed Hayati Department of Emergency Medicine, Shahid Mohammadi Hospital, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/ijaai.v24i2.18144

Keywords: Asthma; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; COVID-19; Mortality; Risk factors

Abstract

Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) are prevalent chronic respiratory conditions that may impact clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of asthma and COPD on the outcomes of hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

This retrospective observational study, conducted in 2021 at Shahid Mohammadi Hospital, Bandar Abbas, Iran, included 1777 COVID-19 patients. Data on demographics, comorbidities, and clinical parameters were retrieved from the hospital’s COVID-19 registry. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the impact of asthma and COPD on clinical outcomes.

Asthma was diagnosed in 83 patients (4.7%) and COPD in 19 patients (1.0%), with a mean age of 50.5 ± 17.5 years. The mortality rate was highest in the COPD group (31.6%), followed by the asthma group (20.5%) and the group without obstructive diseases (13.5%). No significant differences were found in intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation, or mortality associated with asthma or COPD. Age and comorbidities were significant factors influencing mortality.

This study found no significant impact of asthma or COPD on ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, or mortality rates among hospitalized COVID-19 patients