Nephrotic Syndrome and Recurrent Infection

Zahra Shahraki  ghadimi; Simin Sadeghi  Bojd; Nima  Parvaneh; Mehdi  Atabaki; Ebrahim  Alijani

doi:10.18502/ijaai.v23i5.16754

Zahra Shahraki ghadimi Clinical Immunology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
Simin Sadeghi Bojd Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Ali Ibne Abitaleb Hospital, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
Nima Parvaneh Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Ali Ibne Abitaleb Hospital, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
Mehdi Atabaki Clinical Immunology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
Ebrahim Alijani Clinical Immunology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/ijaai.v23i5.16754

Keywords: Bruton type agammaglobulinemia; Inborn errors of immunity; Nephrotic syndrome; Primary immunodeficiency diseases; X-linked agammaglobulinemia

Abstract

Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by the leakage of protein from the blood into the urine along with the triad of proteinuria, albuminuria, and peripheral edema. Loss of protein leads to the loss of immunoglobulin and complements. X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA), or Bruton disease, is a primary immunodeficiency disease caused by a defect in the development of B cells in the bone marrow and a low serum level of immunoglobulins. The present case involves a 12-year-old boy with nephrotic syndrome, osteomyelitis, and recurrent infections. We discovered that he had XLA. This report underscores the importance of considering inborn errors of immunity in cases of protein loss, such as nephrotic syndrome.