Navigating perils at the US-Mexico border: an illustrated exploration of trauma among southern border migrants

Mark Greenhill; Stefano Natali; Raza Mushtaq; Berndt P  Schmit

doi:10.18502/fem.v8i2.15466

Mark Greenhill Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Banner University Medical Center of Tucson, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
Stefano Natali Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Banner University Medical Center of Tucson, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
Raza Mushtaq Department of Neuroradiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
Berndt P Schmit Department of Radiology, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/fem.v8i2.15466

Keywords: Border Wall; Desert Crossing; “La Bestia” Train; Southern Border Migrants; Undeserved Populations; US-Mexico Border

Abstract

Surge in migrants at the US-Mexico border, intensified by Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has led to over 2.7 million U.S. Border patrol encounters in 2022. This article explores trauma among Southern border migrants, categorizing injuries from desert crossing, border wall traversal, fleeing, and train travel.

Desert migration poses risks from harsh terrain, extreme temperatures, and dehydration. The border wall, covering a quarter of the border, results in varying falls, correlating with increased morbidity at greater heights. Motor vehicle use introduces dangers, including high-speed chases and altercations, causing significant morbidity. "La Bestia," cargo trains, expose passengers to assault, coercion, and injuries during boarding attempts.

The study details organ-based injuries, emphasizing distinct patterns in facial trauma, thoracic injuries, abdominopelvic injuries, and lower extremity injuries. Controlled and uncontrolled falls have diverse outcomes, with pediatric populations facing increased morbidity.

In conclusion, migrants face serious risks, including heat-related illnesses, violent crimes, and traumatic injuries. Southern border migrants, often deported without complete care, represent an underserved population. This exploration sheds light on their unique healthcare needs, urging attention to their challenges in a concise manner.