Journal of Zabol Medical School

Molecular Identification of the Gag and Tax Gene of Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) in Women with Breast Cancer

Hassan Vahidi Emami — 2024-05-21

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world particularly among Iranian women. Although the mortality rate decreased in developed countries, there were increased changes in breast cancer incidences. The study aimed at evaluating the correlation between BLV infection and breast cancer in Iran.

Methods: In the cross-sectional study, a total of 85 breast cancer tissue samples and adjacent tumor samples (normal tissue) were collected during the year 2022 from women referred to general hospitals in Qom Province, Iran. The nested PCR technique was performed to determine the presence of tax and gag genes of BLV in the collected samples. To confirm the presence of the tax gene of BLV, PCR products of some BLV-positive samples were subjected to direct sequencing.

Results: Based on nested PCR technique, tax and gag genes of BLV were detected in 12.9% (11.85) and 3.4% (3.85) of breast cancer tissue samples, respectively. Also, the tax gene was present in 4.7% of the control samples, but the presence of the gag gene was not observed. Most malignant samples of BLV were III grade. The constructed phylogenetic trees for the tax gene of BLV showed most BLV isolates had similar sequences to Iranian isolates.

Conclusion: The results of the study by using nested PCR technique, demonstrate a possible relationship between human breast cancer and bovine leukemia virus infection in women of Iran. BLV is one of the main risk factors for breast cancer.

Elderly Satisfaction and Related Factors from the Physical Structure of Kashan Hospitals

Fatemeh Sadat Izadi-Avanji — 2024-05-21

Background: Satisfaction of hospitalized elderly can indicate the success of health system in providing health care. The study aimed to determine the hospitalized elderly's satisfaction and related factors with the physical structure of hospitals affiliated to Kashan University of Medical Sciences, 2022.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 650 elderly admitted to hospitals in Kashan from 2022 to 2023. Sampling was the Convenience method. The developed researchers' valid and reliable questionnaires were used to collect data. Data were analyzed with Pearson's correlation coefficient, independent
t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and linear regression tests in SPSS version 16.

Results: The mean age of the elderly was 71.7 ± 6.2 years. The mean score of elderly satisfaction was 24.6 ± 3.8 points on a scale of 0 to 45. The increasing age of the elderly had a statistically significant with the elderly satisfaction with the structure of hospitals (r = -0.12, P = 0.003). Multiple regression showed that the hospital specialization (P > 0.001) or being general (P > 0.001), marital status
(P = 0.001), having movement problems (P = 0.001), education level (P > 0.001) and type of insurance (P = 0.005) as predictor variables explains 36% of the variance of elderly people's satisfaction with the physical structure of hospitals.

Conclusion: The inappropriateness of the physical structure of hospitals causes dissatisfaction among the older adults. Hospital specialization, literacy level, marital status, movement problems, and insurance support are related to the hospitalized elderly’s satisfaction. It is necessary reforms the structure of hospitals to increase the satisfaction of older adults and prevent possible risks.

Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Antifungal Effects of Ag and Mg Dual-Doped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles against Staphylococcus Epidermidis, Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, and Candida Albicans

Khadijeh Hamidian — 2024-05-21

Background: Microbial infectious diseases are one of the serious health problems that have attracted the attention of the public as a threat to human health all over the world. Zinc oxide nanoparticles due to their various properties such as antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer are of great interest.

Methods: The antimicrobial activity of synthesized un-doped and silver and magnesium-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles with Salvadora persica extract against different strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans was investigated through two methods of broth diffusion and the minimum microbial inhibitory
concentration (MIC).

Results: According to results, MIC of un-doped and silver and magnesium-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles showed 160, 80, 40, and 40 µg/mL on Staphylococcus epidermidis, and 80, 40, 40, and 40 µg/mL on Staphylococcus aureus. These values on Pseudomonas aeruginosa were obtained ˃5120, 640, 320, and
320 µg/mL.

Conclusion: The results of the broth dilution method on Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus showed the presence of silver has a very good inhibition effect on these bacteria. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans fungus, it has been observed that by increasing the amount of silver and magnesium doping, the inhibitory rate of nanoparticles on Gram-negative bacteria and fungi has increased.

Epidemiological Study of the Causes of Alcohol Drinks in Cases of Alcohol Poisoning among Patients who Referred to Amir Al-Momenin Hospital in Zabol in 2016-2019

Khadijeh Saravani — 2024-05-21

Background: Abuse of substances such as alcohol as a social issue affects the health of human life. In this study, we decided to address the prevalence of alcohol poisoning and its effective factors among patients referred to Amir
Al-Momenin Hospital in Zabol.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 110 patients with alcohol poisoning who had referred to Amir Al-Momenin Hospital in Zabol in 2016-2019 participated. Necessary information was collected through a questionnaire. Finally, the obtained data were statistically analyzed by T-test, Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests.

Results: In the present study, 110 patients with alcohol poisoning were included in the study, of which 91 (82.72%) had ethanol poisoning and 19 (17.27%) had methanol poisoning. The mean age of patients was 27.08 ± 3.2 years and 95.45% of them were male. Unemployment and lack of entertainment, mental disorders, alcoholic friends, psychological dependence were the most common causes of alcohol consumption in patients. In this study, decreased level of consciousness (57.27%) and gastrointestinal complications (43.63%) were the most common symptoms of alcohol poisoning in the studied patients.

Conclusion: In the present study, male gender was significantly associated with alcohol poisoning (P). While the variables of age, sex and marital status were not significantly associated with the type of ethanol or methanol poisoning. The results of the study showed that male gender, social status and low education of parents, psychological problems and alcohol friends were risk factors and influential factors in alcohol poisoning.

The Mediating Role of Health-Promoting Lifestyle in the Relationship between Physical Activity Level and Anxiety in Adults of Sistan and Baluchistan Province

Abdulaziz Rezazai — 2024-05-21

Background: The purpose of the study was to investigate the mediating role of health-promoting lifestyle in the relationship between physical activity level and anxiety in adults of Sistan and Baluchistan.

Methods: The method of research was descriptive and its design was of the correlation, which was carried out by the field. The statistical population included adults (15 years old and above) among them 360 people in the cities of Saravan, Chabahar, Zahedan, and Soran by Cluster sampling were selected. To collect the data, the standard health-promoting lifestyle questionnaires of Walker et al. (1997), Spielberger's anxiety (1970), and IPAQ Physical activity were used. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling with AMOS.

Results: The results showed that physical activity has a direct and significant effect on the health-promoting lifestyle, the effect of physical activity on anxiety was negative and significant, effect of health-promoting style on anxiety was observed to be negative and significant. The results showed an indirect and significant effect of physical activity on anxiety through a health-promoting lifestyle.

Conclusion: Findings show the importance of a health-promoting lifestyle as a mediator in reducing anxiety; therefore, improving lifestyle will facilitate the effect of physical activity on reducing anxiety.

Incidence of the Frequency of Lung cancer in Kurdistan Province During 2005-2016

Sabbah Hasani — 2024-05-21

Background: Cancer is one of the principal causes of death in most countries of the world. Lung cancer is the deadliest and most expensive cancer in the world. In this study, the incidence of lung cancer in Kurdistan province was investigated for the first time in a specific period.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 815 cases of lung cancer were investigated in Kurdistan province between 2005 and 2016. Reported cases of lung cancer were extracted at the Cancer Registry Center by gender, age, and morphology. Considering the population of 2005 as the standard population, the expected incidence rate was calculated, and the standardized incidence rate was estimated directly.

Results: The results showed that the highest incidence of lung cancer was observed in 2016 and 2014 with 153 and 136 cases, respectively, and the lowest in 2009 and 2005, with 11 and 18 cases, respectively. The frequency of cases was observed in the age groups of 75-79 years in 2012 with 23 cases (22.77%) and in the age group of 70-74 years with 28 cases (18.30%) in 2016. The highest crude incidence was observed in 1394 with 12.47 and the lowest in 2013 with 1.10.

Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, the incidence of lung cancer was higher in men than women and the incidence of the disease was higher in older ages. Analytical studies are necessary to find the causes of the disease and solve the problems related to this disease.