Risk Factors Related to Congenital Hypothyroidism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Boumehdi  Boutaina; Mochhoury  Latifa; El Yahyaoui  Sofia; Elkhoudri  Noureddine; Chahboune  Mohamed; Chebabe  Milouda

doi:10.18502/jbe.v10i3.17923

Boumehdi Boutaina Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technologies, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, University Hassan 1st, Settat, Morocco.
Mochhoury Latifa Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technologies, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, University Hassan 1st, Settat, Morocco.
El Yahyaoui Sofia Laboratory of Biostatistics, Clinical Research and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Med V University, Rabat, Morocco.
Elkhoudri Noureddine Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technologies, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, University Hassan 1st, Settat, Morocco.
Chahboune Mohamed Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technologies, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, University Hassan 1st, Settat, Morocco.
Chebabe Milouda Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technologies, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, University Hassan 1st, Settat, Morocco.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/jbe.v10i3.17923

Keywords: Congenital hypothyroid- ism; Risk factors; Neonatal screening; Epidemiological studies

Abstract

Introduction: Congenital endocrine disorders have a global impact on the morbidity and mortality of children and are a public health problem that heavily affects society and the daily lives of affected children and their families. The severity and consequences of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) on physical and especially cerebral maturation combined with lifetime mental retardation make CH neonatal screening one of the costliest preventive health programs. Thus, early diagnosis can improve the prognosis of the disease. The objective of the study is to examine CH’s risk factors reported in previous studies.

Methods: Systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA checklist. PUBMED, Google Scholar, Scopus, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Springer were analyzed using R version 4.0.3. For further review, we assessed eligibility analysis to identify influential studies.

Results: Of 63 studies, 21 studies were suitable for synthesis. Based on this review, risk factors related to CH were birth weight, age of pregnancy, female sex, home environment, notion of inbreeding, seasonality, multiple pregnancy, gestational diabetes, parity, advanced maternal age, parental thyroid disease, gestational diabetes, ethnicity, maternal body mass index (BMI), and socio-economic status.

Conclusion: This systematic review indicates that the risk factors related to CH vary by country and even by inter-region according to geographical, genetic, and socioeconomic specificities.