An Alarming Shift of HIV Infection from Injection Drug to Sexual Transmission in Mashhad, Iran, 1989-2014

Habibollah Esmaily; Rasoul Alimi; Zahra Meshkat; Ali Mohammad Hoseinpour; Omid Kiani; Fatemeh Khorashadizadeh

doi:10.18502/jbe.v7i4.10399

Habibollah Esmaily Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Rasoul Alimi Department of Public Health, School of Health, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran.
Zahra Meshkat Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Ali Mohammad Hoseinpour General Practioner, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Omid Kiani Clinical Research Development Unit of Imam Reza Hospital, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
Fatemeh Khorashadizadeh Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/jbe.v7i4.10399

Keywords: AIDS; Trend; Injection; Sexually Transmitted Infection; Mother to Child Transmission; Iran

Abstract

Introduction: Iran is facing to a rapid change in the epidemiological pattern of HIV. The trend of annual number of new HIV infections and factors associated with the development of HIV over the last two decades in Iran, were examined.

Methods: The data were retrospectively collected from patients who attended the Behavior Diseases Consultation Center of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in Iran. Individuals were contributed if they were HIV-positive. Baseline factors including demographic, behavioral and clinical characteristics for all participants were examined. Changes in population characteristics were assessed using chi-square test or the Fisher’s exact test.

Results: From 1989 to 2014, 584 individuals were eligible for present analysis according to the inclusion criteria. Most patients were men (87%) with most being 36–52 years old, unemployed (58%), married (39.3%), less educated (47.7%) and had a history of imprisonment (83%). The most common modes of HIV transmission were injection drug use (IDU) (51.4%) and IDU along with the sexual relationship (26.5%). These transmission modes varied significantly according to gender (p-value<0.001). Similarly, IDU and sexual relationship were most important transmission modes in males and females, respectively. The number of new HIV infections through sexual-related modes has risen sharply in recent years.

Conclusion: In Iran, the pattern of HIV transmission is shifting from unsafe injection drug to unsafe sexual contact for forthcoming years. Also, increasing trend of HIV incidence in women is remarkable. Accordingly, HIV-prevention strategies need to be changed.