Prevalence and Risk Factors of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Patients with Dyspepsia: A Cross-Sectional Study in Gerash, Iran (2023)

Abstract

Background: Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative, microaerophilic bacterium and a major etiological agent of various gastrointestinal disorders, including gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric cancer. Given the high prevalence of this infection in Iran, identifying factors influencing its transmission is crucial.

Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2023 on 71 patients presenting with dyspepsia at the Amir-al-Momenin Educational and Treatment Center in Gerash, Iran. The initial diagnosis was performed using the Urea Breath Test (C14), with molecular confirmation by PCR. Gene expression analysis of vacA and fliA was conducted using SYBR Green Real-Time PCR. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 25 using the t-test and Chi-square test.

Results: Among 71 participants, 51 (71.8%) were infected with H. pylori. Prevalence was significantly higher in individuals aged 40 years or older and in those of lower socioeconomic status (P<0.05). High consumption of fast food and sweets was also associated with increased infection risk. Molecular analysis revealed high expression of the vacA gene in 82% and of the fliA gene in 76% of infected patients, indicating the presence of highly pathogenic strains in this region.

Conclusion: The findings suggest that lower socioeconomic status, unhealthy dietary habits, and increasing age are significant contributors to the high prevalence of H. pylori in Gerash. Implementing educational initiatives, improving sanitary conditions, and promoting dietary modifications could effectively reduce the burden of this infection.