https://publish.kne-publishing.com/index.php/fid <p><strong><em>Frontiers in Dentistry (Formerly known as :Journal of Dentistry of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (JDT))</em></strong>&nbsp;is the first Iranian dental journal in English.&nbsp;<strong><em>FD</em></strong>&nbsp;is an Open Access,&nbsp;Peer-Reviewed bimonthly journal published by Dental Research Center (DRC) of Tehran University of Medical Sciences which is a dynamic, rapidly growing research center.</p> <p>The Journal aims to publish novel and high quality relevant information written by peers to researchers and readers involved in all fields of dentistry, oral health sciences and related&nbsp;<span dir="LTR">interdisciplinaries,&nbsp;</span>strives to keep pace with the rapid growth of publications, and move on to the edge of knowledge in this field.</p> <p><strong data-stringify-type="bold">All the manuscripts should be submitted through the Journal Primary Website at <a href="https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/about/submissions">https://fid.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fid/about/submissions</a></strong></p> Tehran University of Medical Sciences en-US Frontiers in Dentistry 2676-296X https://publish.kne-publishing.com/index.php/fid/article/view/19562 <p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study reviewed the efficacy of midazolam, ketamine, and their combination for sedation of uncooperative pediatric dental patients.</p> <p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>Medline, PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform were searched up to August 31, 2023 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing midazolam, ketamine, and midazolam-ketamine in pediatric patients. Methodological assessment was conducted using the revised Cochrane ROB-2 tool. A dose-response meta-analysis was performed to analyze the effect of oral midazolam dosage on treatment duration (in minutes).</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>Initially, 2,345 records were identified through database searching. After removing the duplicates, 1,230 records remained. Of which, 941 were excluded after title and abstract screening. Subsequently, 289 full-text articles were reviewed; of which, 269 were excluded for various reasons. The remaining 20 publications underwent detailed screening for qualitative synthesis. Risk of bias assessment categorized eight studies as low risk, six with some concerns, and six as having high risk of bias. The meta-analysis, involving three RCTs with 215 children, indicated an increasing trend in treatment duration up to 0.8 mg/kg dosage of oral midazolam. The combination of midazolam-ketamine was highly successful in providing rapid and effective pain relief and sedation for challenging pediatric patients, outperforming either drug alone, irrespective of the administration method.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The findings of this systematic review suggest that when it comes to ease of treatment and clinical efficacy, using a combination of midazolam and ketamine is superior to midazolam or ketamine alone.</p> Matine Gharavi Katayoun Salem Seyyed Amir Yasin Ahmadi Hamid Reza Baradaran Copyright (c) 2025 Frontiers in Dentistry 2025-09-09 2025-09-09 10.18502/fid.v22i34.19562