Occupational Medicine

Effect of workplace organizational culture on occupational health and safety with the mediating role of job satisfaction

Sadra AbarghoueiN — 2025-07-19

Introduction: Occupational health and safety issues have consistently been of particular importance in workplaces. Creating healthy and safe workplaces not only preserves employee wellbeing, but also enhances their productivity and job satisfaction. In this regard, organizational culture serves as a significant influence on employee behavior and enhancement of working conditions. This study investigated the effect of organizational culture in the workplace on occupational health and safety of employees in the healthcare network of Yazd City and analyzes the mediating role of job satisfaction in this regard.

Materials and Methods: The present study was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method, and structural equation analysis was used to examine the relationships among variables. The data collection tool was a standard questionnaire with verified validity and reliability, and the data analysis was performed using SMART-PLS software.

Results: The results of the study indicated that the organizational culture of the workplace positively and significantly impacts employees’ occupational health and safety, while job satisfaction as a mediator enhances the connection between organizational culture and occupational safety. The path coefficient between organizational culture at the workplace to occupational safety stood 0.534, with a t statistic of 7.283, indicating the favorable effect of this variable on the occupational safety of employees.

Conclusion: The results of the study show the significant effect of organizational culture on the job satisfaction of employees and the effect of job satisfaction on improving the occupational safety situation. This study generally emphasizes that improving organizational culture and paying attention to the job satisfaction of employees can create significant improvements in occupational health and safety.

Performance Evaluation of a Thermoelectric Refrigeration-Based Liquid Cooling Garment under Different Ambient Temperatures

Afshari MJ — 2025-07-19

Introduction: Heat stress is regarded as one of the major physical hazards in high-temperature work settings. Wearingcooling garments is one of the effective methods to reduce the negative impacts of such situations and enhance safety and performance in the environment. Among the various types of cooling garments, liquid cooling garments (LCGs) are recognized as one of the most efficient options for managing heat stress. However, existing LCG designs encounter several challenges in terms of design and performance that require further improvement.

Material And Methods: In this study, a portable liquid cooling garment based on thermoelectric refrigeration technology was designed and developed. The cooling system’s efficiency in regulating temperature and humidity within the microclimate—the space between the skin surface and the garment—was evaluated under various ambient temperature conditions.

Results: The results indicated that the cooling garment could deliver consistentcooling throughout the body surface and significantly lower microclimate temperature. At ambient temperatures of 31°C, 35°C, and 39°C, the microclimate temperatures recorded were 27.2°C, 30.1°C, and 32.4°C, respectively. Moreover, the cooling system reduced microclimate humidity by up to 7% compared to its inactive state.

Conclusion: The findings of this study show that the liquid cooling garment utilizing semiconductor refrigeration can effectively enhance the body's thermal conditions in high-tempreture settings. Utilizing this type of garment in work enviornments with heat stress can significantly contribute in lowering thermal strain and enhancing users' thermal comfort. However, further research in this field remains essential.

Investigating the noise levels in industrial workshops with fewer than 20 employees in the northeast region of Isfahan City in 2023

Sadavipour F — 2025-07-19

Introduction: Noise pollution is a significant factor impacting employee health. A large number of employees face noise problems in their work or life. Therefore, this study sought to examine the noise condition in industrial workshops where the worker population of less than 20 individuals.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-cross-sectional research was carried out in 500 small industrial workshops, each with fewer than 20 employees, comprising automotive service workshops, turning operations, plastic industries, door and window manufacturing, woodworking, CNC facilities, metalworking industries, and welding workshops. The chosen workshops were selected from a pool of 1000 available workshops through simple random sampling. Initially, the workshop gathered information regarding the maintenance condition of the devices, the noise type, and the device’s response time. workshop, including the maintenance status of the devices, the type of noise, and the response speed of the device, was recorded. Subsequently, a straightforward TES52A sound level meter was utilized to measure the sound. Results: The sound measurement findings indicated that 63.2 percent of the workshops exhibited a desirable sound level. The minimum, maximum, mean and standard deviation of the sound were 45, 105 and 79 ± 11.3 dB, respectively. 82.8% of the workers in the workshops exposed to sound did not utilize personal protective equipment. The maximum sound intensity was recorded in the occupational categories of door and window manufacturing (90.7 dB) and woodworking (88.7 dB). Additionally, the Spearman correlation coefficient for the equivalent sound level and workshop volume was 0.315 and statistically significant (P<0.001).

Conclusion:The findings indicate that the noise level in jobs like door and window manufacturing and woodworking exceeds the allowable limit, and the majority of employees do not utilize hearing protection devices. Additionally, the dimensions of the workshop and the number of individuals working in each workshop were recognized as factors affecting the equivalent sound level.

Predictive Model for Industrial Accident: Based on a Case Study

Falahati M — 2025-07-19

Introduction: Each year, numerous workers worldwide lose their lives due to workplace accidents, leading not only to significant economic consequences for countries but also to social effects on the families involved. Consequently, identifying the influencing factors and predicting their occurrence of accidents can significantly reduce their frequency. This study aimed to provide a predictive model for workplace accidents.

Materials and Methods: This research gathered data on workplace accidents from industries that agreed to participate over the last three years. Among the recorded incidents, the research team concentrated on those classified as reportable events under OSHA guidelines. Accordingly, 1,734 accidents met the conditions for analysis. After further examination, several incidents were excluded from the study due to insufficient information and lack of appropriate analysis, leading to a final total of 1011 accidents included in the study. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed to predict and determine the impact of each variable influencing accident occurrences. .

Results: The result from the first hypothesis test (individual and demographic variables affect the types of accidents that occur) showed a significant negative impact of individual and demographic characteristics on the type of accidents, with a path coefficient of -0.720 and a t-value of -7.27. In testing the second hypothesis (demographic factors influence occupational factors), a path coefficient of 0.812 and a t-value of 35.37 indicated a strong and significant effect of demographic factors on occupational factors.

Conclusion: The findings of this research indicate that path analysis utilizing the SEM approach is effective for analyzing the severity of injuries resulting from workplace accidents. The results from SEM clearly show that demographic indicators, organizational factors, timing, and causes leading to accidents are indirectly related to the severity of occupational injuries, whereas the type of accidents has a direct correlation with occupational injury severity in various industries.

Investigating different dimensions of sleep quality in medical university students

Kalantar Mehrjardi F — 2025-07-19

Introduction: Sleep is one of the most important circadian cycles and a complex biological pattern. Sleep and sleep disorders are crucial factors in the lives of individuals within society. The rate of sleep disorders is rising among individuals in society, especially among the youth. Some groups, such as students, have more sleep problems. The aim of this study was to investigate the quality of sleep among students.

Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted on students living in the dormitories of Kashan University of Medical Sciences during the 2013-2014 academic year. A total of 200 students living in the dormitories of Kashan University of Medical Sciences were chosen and examined through simple random sampling, including 100 individuals (50%) with sleep disorders and 100 individuals (50%) without sleep disorders. The data collection tool included demographic information and the Petersburg questionnaire. After entering the EPIINFO software and fixing the bugs and errors, the data were described statistically by the SPSS 16 software, and essential tests such as Chi-square or t-test were employed to examine the relationship between independent and dependent variables. To control confounding variables, relevant regression methods were used.

Results: There were 92 boys (46%) and 108 girls (54%) among the students. 22 individuals (11%) were married while 177 individuals (88.5%) were single. The average age of individuals with sleep disorder was 61.22 years, while for those without sleep disorder it was 35.22 years. Which had no significant difference? The most frequent sleeping hours of the participants were related to 24 hours, which were 51 individuals (25.5%). According to statistical tests, there was no relationship between sleep disorders and hours of sleep. (P: 0.287)

Conclusion: Sleep quality significantly impacts the health of students. In general, individuals suffering from sleep disorders experienced fewer actual sleep hours compared to those without such disorders, and there was a significant relationship between sleep disorders and actual sleep hours. Focusing on improving the sleep quality of students living in dormitories and implementing needed actions, including awareness and training on sleep hygiene, is essential for improving students’ health outcomes.

Structural Model of Mental Health Based on Job Stress: The Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction and the Moderating Role of Job Experience in Employees of Aghajari Oil and Gas Exploitation Company

Najafpour Shehni M — 2025-07-19

Introduction: Job stress is a psycho-physiological reaction that occurs when a person’s work skill do not align with their job expectations. Long-term exposure to job stress affects the mental wellbeing and overall health of the person. The aim of this study was to predict mental health considering job stress, while factoring in job satisfaction as a mediator and the influence of job history in employees of Aghajari Oil and Gas Exploitation Company.

Materials and Methods: The present study was a descriptive-correlational one in (2023) in Omidieh City. The statistical population included all 800 employees working for Aghajari Oil and Gas Exploitation Company. Utilizing the Krejcie & Morgan table and the list of names, a sample of 260 individuals was drawn through simple random sampling. To collect information, the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire, the Hellrigal Job Stress Quesionnaire, the Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire, and the Job History Questionnaire were employed. Structural equation analysis was conducted utilizing SPSS-27 and AMOS-25 software for data analysis.

Results: The results indicated that the presented model exhibited a good fit, and all direct and indirect relationships between job stress and mental health through job satisfaction in employees were significant. Furthermore, work experience influenced the relationship between job stress and job satisfaction, as well as the link between job satisfaction and mental health.

Conclusion: Job stress directly affects mental health, while mediating factors such as job satisfaction and moderating factors such as job experience can strengthen or weaken these effects. Consequently, implementing work policies that take into account the factors examined in this research can improve employee well-being, especially in high-stress jobs.

Human error analysis in the staff of the metal control room industry by CREAM Cognitive Approach

Lotfi Y — 2025-07-19

Introduction: The CREAM method is a technique for estimating human error and conducting reliability analyses, which can be utilized to assess the level of control over operator errors in the workplace. .

Materials & Methods: The present study was a descriptive-analytic case study. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (HTA) was first applied to eamine the job duties, and subsequently, using finding from the original CREAM method, the control approach for the production header, the senior control operator, tactical control, and control operator, and the operator at the real-ime control site were calculated.

Results: The results obtained from the original CREAM approach indicated that the control style for the production headquarter tasks, the senior operator of the control, tactical control and the site control operator employed the instantaneous type. For the analysis of the four jobs, the most frequently errors pertained to runtime, interpretation, planning, and visual errors, respectively.

Conclusion: According to the expectations, the task of senior control and production header is a controlling type and in two other cases, parameters such as concurrent work, time of work performance and quality of training have caused instantaneous control. Finally, the primary cognitive error for the four analyzed tasks pertains to the "runtime error", while the key cognitive function linked to the control process in the control room is the action of "communication".

Incivility in the Workplace, a Hidden and Common Challenge in the Work: A Narrative Review Study

Mahmoodi A — 2025-07-19

Introduction: Researching and examining employee behaviors in the workplace carries significant importance. Although the job description for employees outlines the expected work behaviors, it is normal for them to demonstrate additional behaviors and activities at work. The theoretical literature regarding this subject has been examined, emphasizing the significance of these behaviors and their influence on the organization. Consequently, this study was carried out to investigate the different aspect of incivility in workplace and the related difficulties.

Materials and Methods: This narrative review examined the results of worldwide studies carried out on different facets of workplace incivility. Publications from 2000 to2023 were examined utilizing the Scopus, Web of Science, and SID databases. The research employed keywords like incivility, deviant acts, and organizational behavior.

Results: The research showed that rudeness is common in workplace, requiring significant focus. In contrast to other types of deviance like interactional injustice, interpersonal deviance, aggression, and bullying, workplace incivility is distinct. Impoliteness is characterized by minimal intensity, unclear intent of the offender, and breaches of social norm. Research showed that rudeness originates from coworkers, managers, and customers or clients. The findings further indicated that employee incivility negatively affects work performance, resulting in increased emotional fatigue and a higher probability of employees wishing to resign.

Conclusion: Due to its negative effect on interpersonal communication, human resource management needs to tackle this problem. Interventions can successfully diminish such actions. Organizations should set explicit expectations and norms for interpersonal interactions in the workplace to reduce misunderstandings and hidden conflicts.