The Journal of Tolooebehdasht

Predicting Depression in Middle-Aged Individuals in Tehran Based on Socioeconomic Status, Loneliness, Spiritual Well-Being, and Marital Satisfaction in 2023

Fatemeh Imani, Maedeh bagheri — Sat, 23 Nov 2024 07:34:20 +0000

Introduction: Information related to the amount of the most significant risk factors identified in relation to depression in middle-aged Iranian individuals is insufficient. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to predict depression in middle-aged residents of Tehran based on their socioeconomic status, feelings of loneliness, spiritual well-being, and marital satisfaction.

Methods: This cross-sectional study employed a quantitative descriptive-correlational approach and regression analysis. A total of 216 middle-aged individuals visiting health centers in Tehran in 2023 were selected through convenience sampling. Participants completed questionnaires assessing marital satisfaction (Hudson), social-emotional loneliness in adults, spiritual well-being (Dehshiri et al.), socioeconomic status (SES), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted using SPSS version 24 to examine the relationship between predictor variables and depression.

Rusults: Among the 216 middle-aged participants in Tehran, aged between 40 and 60 years, 47/68% were male (103 individuals) and 52/31% were female (113 individuals). The prevalence of depression among middle-aged individuals in Tehran was found to be 46/3% (100 individuals). Notably, only spiritual well-being significantly predicted the variability in depression among middle-aged individuals in Tehran (B=0/19, p< 0/01).

Conclusion: Contrary to previous studies, socioeconomic status, loneliness, and marital satisfaction did not statistically predict the variability in depression among middle-aged individuals in Tehran. It is recommended that further research be conducted to identify the most significant risk factors associated with depression in this demographic.

The Effectiveness of Treatment Based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Psychological Capital, Weight and Fat Mass in Obese Women

Sat, 23 Nov 2024 07:51:37 +0000

Introduction: The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on psychological capital, weight and fat mass of obese women.

Method: This study is a semi-experimental, involving a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The research population comprised all overweight and obese women living in Yazd in 2021. According to the inclusion criteria, 30 people were selected and randomly replaced in two experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). The research instruments included a demographic information questionnaire, the psychological capital questionnaire, and the ACT treatment protocol. Following the pre-test, subjects in the control group underwent ACT treatment training sessions as the independent variable. The intervention consisted of nine group therapy sessions, each lasting 1.5 hours. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to analyze the data.

Results: At the beginning of the research, the average weight in the experimental group was 73.85 kg and in the control group was 74.01 kg. The findings of the research showed that the treatment based on ACT was able to play an effective role in increasing the psychological capital of overweight and obese women in Yazd city (p=0/001). This treatment was also effective in reducing the fat mass and weight of the participants (p=0/001).

Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, it seems that ACT can play an effective role in solving the problems of overweight women and increase their psychological capital and reduce their weight and fat mass.

The Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy on Depression and Self-Efficacy of Patients with Hypertension

Aziz Seyfi Avarsin , Alireza Pirkhaefi , Maryam Kalhornia Golkar — Sat, 23 Nov 2024 07:54:01 +0000

Introduction: Hypertension is one of the most common chronic diseases, which if not properly managed, can lead to not only physical health issues but also reduced psychological well-being and efficiency. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral group therapy on depression and self-efficacy in patients with hypertension.

Methods: The present study was a quasi-experimental intervention, conducted as a pre-test, post-test design with experimental and control groups, and with a 90-day follow-up. The study population consisted of all hypertension patients who referred to healthcare centers in Tehran in 2023, from which 38 subjects were selected through purposive sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The data collection tools included a demographic form, the Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI-II), and the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE-17). Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA with a significance level of 0.05, using SPSS-21 software.

Results: Cognitive-behavioral group therapy was effective in reducing depression (F=78/6, P<0/001) and increasing self-efficacy (F=12/7, P< 0/001) among patients with hypertension. Additionally, the effect size of cognitive-behavioral therapy was 70% for depression and 27% for self-efficacy, with the effects persisting up to three months post-treatment.

Conclusion: The finding indicated that cognitive-behavioral therapy can lead to improvements in depression and an increase in psychological self-efficacy in patients with hypertension. Therefore, this cost-effective and affordable treatment method can be utilized alongside routine treatment (medication) to enhance the psychological well-being of these patients.

The Mediating Role of Self-Criticism in the Relationship between Fear of Negative Evaluation and Social Anxiety in Medical Science Students

Sat, 23 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Social anxiety disorder is an intense and persistent fear of being watched and judged by others. This fear can affect work, school, and other daily activities. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the mediating role of self-criticism regarding the fear of negative evaluation and social anxiety of medical students.

Methods: This is a correlational research conducted using structural equations. The statistical population of the research consisted of all doctoral students of medical sciences in Yazd in the academic year 1400-1401. The sample size of 227 people was determined and sampling was done by voluntary sampling method. The research tools included the social anxiety scale (Jarabek, 1996), self-criticism (Thompson & Zuroff, 2004) and fear of negative evaluation (Leary, 1983), which was published online. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling, utilizing SPSS26 and Amos24 software.

Results: The direct effect of fear of negative evaluation on social anxiety was significant (P=0/001). the direct effect of self-criticism on social anxiety (P=0/041), and the direct effect of fear of negative evaluation on self-criticism (P=0/001) were significant. Bootstrap results further indicated that the indirect effect of fear of negative evaluation on social anxiety through self-criticism was significant (P=0/019).

Conclusion:These findings highlight self-criticism as a significant mediator between fear of negative evaluation and social anxiety in medical students, emphasizing the importance of addressing self-perception in interventions.

Survival Rate and Related Factors in Patients with COVID19 Undergoing Major Surgeries: A Cross-sectional study

Sat, 23 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Surgery is one of the factors that may accelerate and intensify the progression of COVID-19. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the survival rate and related factors in patients with COVID19 undergoing a major surgery.

Methods: In this cross-sectional-analytical study, 43 patients with COVID-19 who underwent a major surgery in Kowsar Semnan Hospital were examined in 2021. The data collection tool was a checklist including demographic and clinical variables, which was extracted from the patients' files by referring to the medical records section. Survival of patients after surgery was also checked through telephone calls. The data was entered into Stata 14 software and Chi-squared test was used to check the relationship between variables with 6-month survival.

Results: The mean age (± S.D) of the patients age was 50/86 (± 23/14). . The mean (± standard deviation) age of male and female patients was 47.73 (± 20.89) and 55.65 (± 26.15), respectively.The survival rate 6 months after surgery was significantly lower in patients over 50 years old, who were admitted to the intensive care unit, and were suffering from an underlying disease, high body mass index, the presence of trauma and neurosurgery (P<0/05).

Conclusion: Almost only half of the patients with COVID19 survived 6 months after major surgery, and age over 50, hospitalization in the intensive care unit, underlying disease, high body mass index, and presence of trauma and neurosurgery were the most important factors determining this decrease in survival.

Determining Information Requirements for a Mobile Self-Care App for Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

Seyed Ali Fatemi Aghda , Shadi Hazhir , Mostafa Langarizadeh — Sat, 23 Nov 2024 09:53:54 +0000

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease is a common condition that affects a person's entire life after diagnosis. Self-care using a mobile phone helps to improve the management and ease the disease. This study aims to identify the educational content needed to design a self-care mobile application for chronic kidney disease patients.

Methods: This applied study was conducted using a descriptive method. The tool used was a researcher-made questionnaire, which was validated for reliability and validity. The study population consisted of nephrologists and general surgeons, from which 25 participants were randomly and purposefully selected from the nephrology clinics of Tehran and Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics with SPSS software version 19.

Results: The educational content of the application was organized into three main axes, comprising 28 educational needs: Disease information, including understanding kidney function, stages of disease progression, and early and primary signs and symptoms; medications, encompassing familiarity with prescribed medications, drug interactions, and the importance of accurate and timely medication intake; and lifestyle and personal habits, covering healthy nutrition, weight management, and work-related issues. However, topics such as diagnostic methods, various tests, drug side effects, dietary regimens, nutritional energy tables, and opioid use were not deemed essential.

Conclusion: The educational needs serve as the first step in designing a self-care application for chronic kidney disease education. By defining the technical capabilities and various features of the application, patient awareness and adherence to desirable self-care behaviors will improve.

Examining The Psychological Experiences of Infertile Couples with Adopted ChildrenMarieh Dehghan(Ph.D.)1, Mohammad Hossein Fallah(Ph.D.)2, Najmeh Sedrpoushan(Ph.D.)3,

Sat, 23 Nov 2024 09:54:10 +0000

Introduction: Having children has always been the best way to complete the family and evolve the couple's identity. Couples who were unable to have children due to infertility have used alternative paths. The aim of the present study was to investigate the psychological experiences of infertile couples with adopted children in Yazd.

Methods: This study was of a qualitative type, with an exploratory nature. 18 infertile couples suffering from hormonal disorders, anatomical problems, infections and old age in women and sperm disorders and infections in men, who did not have children and had adopted children through the welfare of Yazd city, were identified in 1401 by targeted sampling method. And with a semi-structured interview, their information was collected, recorded and recorded and reached complete saturation.

Rusults: The analysis of the lived experiences of the participants showed that out of a total of 154 semantic units, 10 main themes were obtained: accepting the role of parenting; infertility difficulties; encouraging the idea of adoption; difficulties and failures following adoption; Successes and facilitators following adoption; educational challenges and characteristics of adopted children; experiencing a crisis when a child enters the house; interactions with others; and matching tools; psychological changes in family life and relationships.

Conclusion: Psychological changes in life and family relationships are one of the most important experiences of infertile couples. Lack of awareness and treatment can cause problems for the mental health of couples. It is suggested that therapists and counselors interpret the life experiences and psychological changes of people more deeply and use the themes obtained in this research in therapeutic interventions.

Investigating the Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Marital Commitment and Quality of Life in Women Following Satellite Series

Fatemeh Younesi, Parviz Sharifi Daramadi, Seyede Masoomeh Hoseini — Sat, 23 Nov 2024 09:54:50 +0000

Introduction: Given the negative effects of satellite series on marital commitment, and the quality of life of women, and the destabilization of family systems, the present study aimed to examine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on marital commitment and quality of life in women who follow satellite series in Tehran

Methods: This study was designed as a quasi-experimental intervention with a pre-test and post-test approach. The statistical population consisted of women who were viewers of satellite series and members of an active institute in marriage and psychological services for couples in East Tehran. Using convenience sampling method, the first individual was selected randomly, and then through snowball sampling, 120 individuals were introduced. After screening and selecting eligible individuals, the sample size was reduced to 30, and the participants were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (15 in each group). The women in the experimental group participated in virtual cognitive-behavioral therapy sessions. Data collection tools included two standardized questionnaires: the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire and the Adams and Jones Marital Commitment Questionnaire which were distributed and completed in both groups before and after the intervention. For data analysis, descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, Shapiro-Wilk test, skewness, and kurtosis were used, and for inferential statistics to examine the significance of the intervention's effectiveness, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was employed. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.

Results: The results indicated a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in both pre-test and post-test (p<0/05). The scores of the experimental group after the intervention showed a significant increase in the post-test analysis of covariance for the variables of physical health, psychological health, social relationships, social environment, overall quality of life, personal commitment, moral commitment, structural commitment, and overall marital commitment, compared to the pre-test (p<0/05). At the same time, the control group did not show a significant difference (p>0/05).

Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that cognitive-behavioral therapy has a positive impact on quality of life and marital commitment. This type of therapy can be utilized as an effective strategy to improve marital commitment and quality of life for women who watch satellite series.