The Journal of Tolooebehdasht

"The Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Resilience, Distress Tolerance, and Quality of Life in Women with Multiple Sclerosis During the Acute Phase: A Clinical Trial Study."

Seyed Fatemeh Ahmadi mahali — 2025-03-16

Introduction:Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating neurological disorder that affects patients not only physically but also cognitively. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) on resilience, distress tolerance, and quality of life in women with MS during the acute phase

Methods:This study was a semi-experimental intervention design with a pre-test and post-test, including a control group. Thirty women with acute MS attending the specialized clinic of Bou Ali Sina Hospital in Sari from 2023 to 2024 were selected through convenience sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were randomly assigned (using a lottery method) into two groups of 15: an intervention group and a control group. Both groups completed the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, the Simmons and Gaher Distress Tolerance Scale, and the quality of life questionnaire for MS patients by Hobart et al. before the intervention and after its completion. The therapeutic intervention was conducted over eight sessions according to the Himbergh and Becker protocol. Pre-test and post-test data were analyzed using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) with SPSS software version 26.

Findings: Cognitive-behavioral therapy had a significant impact on resilience (p < 0.001, B = 9.51), distress tolerance (p < 0.001, B = 0.245), and quality of life (p < 0.001, B = -15.31) in women with MS during the acute phase

Conclusion: It is recommended that psychological interventions, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, be implemented for patients in the acute phase of the disease.

Investigating the Relationship between Perceived Social Support and Psychological Distress in Students and the Mediating Role of Emotional Incompetence among Students of Tabriz University

Mohammad Reza Dinarvand — 2025-03-16

Introduction: Perceived social support and alexithymia are among the most important factors associated with psychological distress in students. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between perceived social support and psychological distress in students and the mediating role of alexithymia in Tabriz University students.

Methods: The research method was fundamental and descriptive-correlational path analysis. The statistical population included students of both genders, all majors, and all levels of education at Tabriz University in 2023, from which 203 individuals were randomly selected. Data collection tools included the Toronto Alexithymia Scale(1994), the Lovibond and Lovibond Stress, Anxiety, and Depression Scale(1995), and the Zimet Perceived Social Support Questionnaire(1998). For data analysis in the descriptive section, central tendency and dispersion indices were examined using SPSS version 26 software, and path analysis with Amos software was employed to test the hypotheses.

Findings: The direct effect of perceived social support on emotional alexithymia was negative(P<0/001), and the direct effect of emotional alexithymia on psychological distress was positive and significant(P<0/001). However, the direct effect of perceived social support on psychological distress was not significant(P>0/190). Additionally, the indirect effect of perceived social support on psychological distress through emotional alexithymia was negative and significant(P<0/001).

Conclusion: The results of this study show that emotional alexithymia acts as an important mediator with a negative effect between perceived social support and psychological distress in students. It is suggested that strengthening support networks and providing training in communication skills should be carried out to reduce emotional alexithymia in students. Furthermore, holding training courses in university environments can help improve mental health and reduce psychological distress.

The Role of Childhood Emotional Maltreatment in Adult Aggression with the Mediating Role of Emotion Regulation in Students at Yazd University

Faezeh Sabri — 2025-03-16

Introduction: Dealing with aggression in adults and adolescents is essential for creating a better society, and one of the most important steps in this regard is understanding the variables and factors that influence aggression.Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the role of childhood emotional maltreatment in adolescent aggression with the mediating role of emotion regulation in university students in Yazd.

Method: The research method was quantitative in terms of approach, applied in terms of purpose, and non-experimental in nature (descriptive-correlational). The statistical population consisted of humanities students at Yazd University in the academic year 2022-2023, of which 200 were selected as the sample. Non-random sampling method was used. The research tools included the Buss and Perry Aggression Questionnaire (1992), the Life Experiences Questionnaire by Gibb et al. (2001), and the Emotion Regulation Difficulties Questionnaire by Gratz and Roemer (2004), with reliability coefficients obtained through cronbach's alpha of 0/88, 0/92, and 0/90, respectively. For data analysis, structural equation modeling was employed using SPSS25 and AMOS24 software.

Rusults: The results showed that childhood emotional maltreatment significantly and directly predicts adolescent aggression (β=0/28, p<0/01), as well as emotion regulation difficulties (β=0/48, p<0/01), and that emotion regulation difficulties positively and significantly affect student aggression as a mediating variable (β=0/54, p< 0/01).

Conclusion: F The type of parental behavior towards the child, especially emotional maltreatment during childhood, can have a significant impact on adult life, as well as the tendency towards aggression and the level of individual emotion regulation.

A comparison of the efficacy of metacognitive therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy on life hope and depression severity in adolescents with depression in Yazd city

Zhaleh Harandi Moghadam — 2025-03-16

Introduction:In today's society, mental disorders, especially depression, have become highly prevalent among adolescents. This study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy on the hope for life and severity of depression in adolescents suffering from depression in Yazd.

Method:This semi-experimental study was conducted in 2023 using a pre-test post-test design with a control group and a two-month follow-up in Yazd. The study population consisted of adolescents aged 12 to 18 in Yazd County. Using a convenience sampling method, 45 depressed 14-year-old girls were randomly assigned to three groups of 15 (metacognitive therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and control group). After administering the pre-test using the Mariaquas Depression Questionnaire and Miller's Hope Scale, post-tests were conducted for all three groups after 8 sessions (90 minutes each). For data analysis, means and standard deviations were used for descriptive statistics, and analysis of covariance was employed for inferential statistics. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 24.

Results:The results were analyzed using analysis of covariance. The findings indicated that there were significant differences between the experimental and control groups in both the pre-test and post-test (p < 0/05). The scores of the experimental groups showed significant changes in the variables of hope for life and severity of depression after the intervention (p< 0/05), while the control group did not show significant differences (p > 0/05).

Conclusion:The results were analyzed using analysis of covariance. The findings indicated that there were significant differences between the experimental and control groups in both the pre-test and post-test (p< 0/05). The scores of the experimental groups showed significant changes in the variables of hope for life and severity of depression after the intervention (p < 0/05), while the control group did not show significant differences (p > 0/05).

Predicting Nomophobia Based on Early Maladaptive Schemas Considering Depression, Anxiety and Stress in the Youth

Rahele Reisi — 2025-03-16

Introduction: Excessive use and mental preoccupation with mobile phones is one of the behavioral problems among young people that can be accompanied by negative psychological consequences, including cell phone phobia in the form of fear combined with anxiety caused by being away from it. In order to design effective interventions, it is necessary to identify the factors that predict and influence the occurrence of this phenomenon. This study aimed to predict cell phone phobia based on early maladaptive schemas with respect to depression, anxiety, and stress in young people.

Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study of correlational type. The research population was young men and women aged 20-40 in Isfahan. Through a call on popular channels in virtual networks, young people with the inclusion criteria were invited to participate in the study. Based on Morgan's table, 384 people were selected from the users of virtual networks between October and December 2024 based on the inclusion criteria and answered the demographic characteristics questionnaire, Yildirim's nomophobia, Young's early maladaptive schemas, and DASS version 21. The data were analyzed using AMOS version 23 and SPSS version 21 software.

Results: Structural equation modeling showed that nomophobia can be predicted based on early maladaptive schemas with respect to stress, anxiety, and depression in young people. These schemas were positive and significant predictors of nomophobia (p=0/001). Depression (p=0/001), anxiety (p=0/001), and stress (p=0/001) were positive and significant predictors of nomophobia. There was a significant relationship between schemas and depression (p=0/001,r=0/29), anxiety (p=0/001,r=0/27), and stress (p=0/001,r=0/28). The schemas of cut-off/exclusion and inhibition had the greatest and other-orienteers the least effect on nomophobia.

Conclusion: The results of the present study show that early maladaptive schemas, mediated by stress, depression, and anxiety, predict nomophobia in young people. Given the greater impact of cut-off/exclusion and inhibition schemas, it is necessary to identify these schemas in young people and provide them with health interventions. However, larger studies should be conducted to generalize the results.

Investigating The Effect of Education Based On hHealth Belief model On Predictive Factors of Breast Self-Examination In Women In Qom City In 2024

Mohammad Aligol — 2025-03-16

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. Women who perform breast self-examination monthly are more likely to find lumps in the early stages. This study was designed and implemented to investigate the effect of education based on health belief model on predictive factors of breast self-examination in women in Qom.

Methods: This semi-experimental study was conducted on 70 women referring to comprehensive health service centers in Qom in November and December 2024, divided into experimental and control groups. The data collection tool included demographic questions and the Persian version of the Champion’s Health Belief Model questionnaire. The educational intervention consisted of three educational sessions designed based on the constructs of the health belief model. Post-test data were collected three months after the intervention. Paired t-tests were used to compare each group before and after the intervention.

Results: Paired T-test showed significant differences in mean and standard deviation of scores of all health belief model constructs including perceived sensitivity, perceived severity, perceived benefits, health motivation, perceived self-efficacy, and behavioral intention showed significant differences in mean and standard deviation of scores before and after the educational intervention (p<0/05). In the control group, no significant differences were observed in any of the constructs before and after the intervention.

Conclusion: The use of appropriate educational methods based on the health belief model significantly improves the predictive factors of breast self-examination. Given the easy and inexpensive nature of these interventions and considering the implementation, cultural, and organizational constraints, this can be widely considered to increase equitable access to education and facilitate diagnosis and treatment.

Comparing Effectiveness of Emotional Schema Therapy, Forgiveness -Based Compassion Therapy and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Affective Capital in Women of Victim of Domestic Violence

Safoura hadian — 2025-03-16

Introduction: Domestic violence refers to violence that occurs in the private environment of the family, and generally occurs between people who are tied together by intimacy and blood or legal relationship. The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of emotional therapy schema, forgiveness-oriented compassion therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy on affective capital of women victims of domestic violence.

Method: This semi -experimental study was conducted using a pre-test and post-test with a control group and a 45 day follow-up. The statistical population included women victims of domestic violence referring to health centers in Falavarjan in the summer of 2023, of which 60 people were selected purposively and randomly assigned to three experimental groups and one control group (15 people). The experimental groups received emotional schema therapy, compassion therapy based on forgiveness, and cognitive behavioral therapy. Data were collected using the Affective Capital (Golparvar, 2016) Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests, utilizing SPSS software version 23.

Rusults: The results indicated the effectiveness of all three interventions on increasing affective capital and its dimensions in women victims of domestic violence. The effects of all three treatments remained in the follow-up phase as well (p<0/01); However, no significant difference was observed between the effectiveness of the mentioned treatment methods in this field (p<0/05).

Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that all three approaches, schema of emotional therapy, forgiveness-based compassion therapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy significantly affected affective capital in women who are victims of domestic violence and can be utilized by therapists

Pilates and vitamin D is an effective intervention protocol to improve strength and muscle mass and quality of life related to menopause in women

Fatemeh Noroozi — 2025-03-16

Introduction: Postmenopausal women are at risk of developing sarcopenia and compromising musculoskeletal health and quality of life. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of a course of Pilates training with vitamin D supplementation on skeletal muscle strength and mass and quality of life in postmenopausal women.

Methods: In this quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design, 29 postmenopausal women (48.94±2.73 years old) were purposively selected through advertisements posted on the Internet in Arak city between March 2013 and April 2014 and randomly assigned to vitamin D supplementation (VD), Pilates + Vitamin D (PT + VD), and control (C) groups. The PT+VD group did 3 sessions of 60-minute Pilates exercises every week for 8 weeks (A total of 24 sessions) and received vitamin D (dose 2000 units) every other day, while the VD group they only used vitamin D every other day. Before and after the intervention, metabolic indices, quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire with high reliability and validity: Cronbach's alpha = 0.92), body composition (bioelectrical impedance), and muscle strength (dynamometer) were assessed. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26 software and analysis of covariance tests.

Results: The results of the present study showed that muscle strength and lean mass significantly increased in the VD and PT+VD groups (P<0.05). In the PT+VD group, all four domains of quality of life (physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and social environment) significantly improved (P<0.05).

Conclusion: The results showed that vitamin D supplementation can improve quality of life as well as strength and lean mass in postmenopausal women. The improvement observed in quality of life and skeletal muscle function in postmenopausal women was doubled with the addition of Pilates training.