The Journal of Tolooebehdasht

The Effectiveness of Compassion-Focused Therapy on the Perception of Aging, Self-Care Behaviors, and Pain Catastrophizing in Depressed Elderly

Parisa Kamali Ronizi — 2025-01-22

Introduction: Depression is a common mental disorder in the elderly and causes many complications to them. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy on the perception of aging, self-care behaviors, and pain catastrophizing in depressed elderly.

Methods: The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test-one-month follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population included all elderly women suffering from depression in Sadeghieh Nursing Home, Isfahan city, and 30 of them were selected by census sampling and randomly replaced in the test and control groups. Data collection tools included standard Beck depression questionnaires, perception of aging, elderly self-care and pain catastrophizing. The test group received compassion-focused therapy in eight 90-minute sessions. The data were analyzed by variance analysis with repeated measurements using SPSS-27 software.

Results: In the post-test phase, the mean scores of aging perception and self-care in the test group increased more and pain catastrophizing decreased more than the control group. Therefore, compassion-focused therapy has a significant effect on the perception of aging, self-care behaviors, and pain catastrophizing in depressed elderly of Isfahan city (p≤0/05). However, this effect was not permanent in the follow-up stage of aging perception (p≥0/05).

Conclusion: According to the results of this study, compassion-focused therapy can be an effective intervention in improving the perception of aging, self-care behaviors and reducing pain catastrophizing in depressed elderly.

Effectiveness of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies Training on Increasing Mental Vitality of Junior High School Students

Leila Hosseini Tabaghdehi — 2025-01-22

Introduction: Mental vitality has been considered as one of the components of well-being and one of the most important psychological needs of humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive emotion regulation strategies training on increasing mental vitality among junior high school students in Neka city.

Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population included all junior high school students in Neka city during the academic year 2022-2023 (N=1732). Through purposive sampling, 60 students were selected and were randomly assigned to two groups. One group (n=30) received cognitive emotion regulation strategies training, while the control group (n=30) received no intervention. The Subjective Vitality Scale (SVS), a 7-item questionnaire, was used to measure mental vitality. The intervention consisted of 10 educational sessions, 60 minutes each twice a week. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and SPSS-26 software.

Results: The results showed significant differences between mean scores of social competence and school avoidance in pretest, posttest, and follow-up stages compared to the control group (P<0/05).

Conclusion: Results indicated a significant difference between the two groups in mental vitality posttest scores, demonstrating the positive and significant effect of cognitive emotion regulation strategies training on mental vitality of junior high school students. The training led to increased mental vitality among junior high school students.

The Effectiveness of Quality of Life Therapy on Psychological Well-Being and Social Adjustment in Breast Cancer Patients

Nahid Khalilnejad — 2025-01-22

Introduction: The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of quality of life therapy (QoLT) on the psychological well-being and social adjustment of breast cancer patients.

Methods:This study was a semi-experimental intervention with a pre-test, post-test, and two-month follow-up in two groups: experimental and control. The study population consisted of all breast cancer patients who were present at Shohadaye Kargar Hospital in Yazd from September to February 2024. From this population, 31 patients were selected through purposive sampling and were randomly assigned to two groups: experimental (N=15) and control (N=16). The data collection tools included a demographic form, the Ryff’s scale of psychological well-being- Short Form (RSPWB-18), and the Social Adjustment Scale (SAS). The data were also analyzed using SPSS-21 software and Chi-square, one-way ANOVA, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and repeated measures analysis of variance.

Results:The results indicated that QoLT significantly increased psychological well-being (F=115/70) and social adjustment (F=45/78) in breast cancer patients (P<0/001). Additionally, the effect size of this therapy was high, with 80% for psychological well-being and 61% for social adjustment, and its effects persisted for up to two months after the treatment.

Conclusion:The QoLT has a positive impact on improving the psychological well-being and social adjustment of breast cancer patients. Therefore, it is recommended that alongside routine treatment, QoLT should be utilized to enhance the psychosocial health of breast cancer patients.

The Effectiveness of Mindfulness Integrated Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Negative Emotions and Cognitive Regulation of Emotions in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Clinical Trial Study

Atefeh Fakhrmand — 2025-01-22

Introduction: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system. Patients with MS suffer from problems such as negative emotions and poor emotion regulation. The present study investigated the effectiveness of mindfulness integrated cognitive behavioral therapy (MICBT) on negative emotions and emotion regulation in patients with MS.

Methods: This research was a semi-experimental study using a pre-test-post-test with a control group. A total of 52 patients with MS referring to Shafa Hospital in Kerman city, were selected by the convenience sampling method in 2023 and were randomly divided into two experimental (26 people) and control (26 people) groups. Patients completed the questionnaire of depression, anxiety and stress scale-21 items (DASS-21) and cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire of Garnefski in the pre-test and post-test. The data were analyzed in the descriptive section using independent t-test and chi-square tests, and in the inferential section using multivariate analysis of covariance, using SPSS-24 software.

Results: The results of covariance analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the groups in depression, stress, anxiety, positive and negative emotional strategies in the post-test (P< 0/001). Comparison of mean values showed that in the MICBT group, depression (14/46), stress (16/85) and anxiety (11/38) and negative emotion regulation strategies (M=35/38) decreased, while positive emotion regulation strategies (M=75/35) increased significantly.

Conclusion: MICBT is suggested as an effective method in reducing depression, stress, anxiety and improving cognitive regulation of emotions in patients with MS.

Investigating the Relationship between Occupational Stressors and Behavioral Deviation with the Mediating Role of Organizational Support in Health Care Workers of Najaf Abad City in 2024

Mohammadamin Rahmanipour — 2025-01-22

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between occupational stressors and behavioral deviation with the mediating role of organizational support in health care workers in Najaf Abad city.

Methods: The present cross-sectional correlational study was conducted on health care workers in Najaf Abad city. In this study, all 152 health care workers were selected by total population sampling method and participated in the study after obtaining informed consent, and questionnaires were distributed among them in person. The questionnaire used in this study had four parts, the first part of which was the demographic characteristics questionnaire. In order to evaluate the behavioral deviation, the Binet and Robinson questionnaire was used. In order to evaluate the organizational support, Eisenberger et al.'s organizational support questionnaire was used, and Mohammadreza Saffarzadeh's questionnaire was used to investigate job stressors. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.

Results: It was observed that 83/33% of health care workers were at an average level of occupational stressors. Moreover, 63/33% of health care workers were at a weak level of behavioral deviation. The mean (standard deviation) of the organizational support variable in the studied sample was 28/08 (1/23). A positive and statistically significant relationship was observed between the variable of occupational stressors and the variable of behavioral deviation (p<0/05).

Conclusion: By increasing the variable of occupational stressors, the behavioral deviation of health care workers also increases to a small amount, and also by increasing the variable of organizational support, the occupational stressors of health care workers decreases to a small amount. Organizations should consider the periodic measurement of the index of occupational stressors of employees to know the level of this index and take timely action.

Predicting Attitudes towards Extramarital Relationship Based on Sexual Satisfaction and Performance in Individuals with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Bahareh Zaddah — 2025-01-22

Introduction: Extramarital relationships pose a challenge to family life and can negatively affect the mental health and well-being of family members. Various factors can contribute to the development of extramarital relationships. The present study aimed to predict attitudes towards extramarital relationships based on sexual satisfaction and performance in individuals with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Methods: This study was correlational in nature. The study population included all married individuals seeking counseling and psychological services in Qazvin city in 2023, from which 216 individuals were selected by purposive sampling method. The World Health Organization ADHD self-report scale, Yeniceri and Kokdemir Extramarital Relationship Questionnaire, Larson Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire, and the Farajina Sexual Performance Questionnaire were used for data collection. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-25 software and multiple regression analysis. All inferential analyses were conducted at a significance level of 0/05.

Rusults: The results indicated that sexual satisfaction (β = 0/19, t = 2/85) and sexual performance (β = 0/15, t = 2/26) could predict the variance of changes related to attitudes towards extramarital relationships.

Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, it is recommended to provide couples with this awareness during premarital counseling so that they can discuss sexual issues with marriage counselors and specialists and receive specialized counseling if needed to prevent the tendency towards extramarital relationships.

The Comparison of the Effectiveness of Child-Centered Mindfulness Therapy and the Role of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Emotional-Cognitive Empathy of Students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Experiencing Bullying in Isfahan

Farzaneh Khodadad — 2025-01-22

Introduction: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is considered a serious problem in educational environments and has significant negative impacts on the psychological well-being of students. The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of child-centered mindfulness therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on emotional-cognitive empathy of primary school students with ADHD experiencing bullying.

Methods: This semi-experimental study was conducted in 2023 using a pre-test and post-test design with a control group and a two-month follow-up over a six-month period in Isfahan city. A purposive sampling method was employed, and 54 boy students aged 9-11 years meeting the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to three groups of 18 participants including child-centered mindfulness therapy (N=18), acceptance and commitment therapy (N=18), and a control group (N=18). Data were collected using the child and adolescent empathy questionnaire. Participants in the first group received child-centered mindfulness therapy in 10 60-minute sessions, conducted twice a week, while participants in the second experimental group received acceptance and commitment therapy in 9 60-minute sessions, conducted twice a week. By the end of the study, 15 participants remained in each group. Data analysis was performed using repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests, utilizing SPSS software version 26.

Results: The results indicated that both child-centered mindfulness therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy were effective in enhancing emotional empathy (p<0/05) and cognitive empathy (p<0/05).This effectiveness was also maintained at the follow-up stage (p< 0/05). However, no significant differences were observed between the effectiveness of the interventions (p>0/05).

Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that both child-centered mindfulness therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy significantly affected emotional and cognitive empathy in students with ADHD and can be utilized by therapists.

Investigating the Relationship between Job Demand and Job Control and the Mediating Role of Desire to Have Children among Employees of the Health Network in Saman City in 2023

Usuf Ganjali Dashti — 2025-01-22

Introduction: Work is an aspect of life where job demand and job control are important factors in providing services. And having children can affect the aforementioned variables, so the purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between job demand and job control with the mediating role of desire for having children among employees of health network in Saman city in 2023

methods: This was a descriptive-analytical study. The statistical population was 250 people from the personnel of the mentioned network who were selected through convenience sampling method. In order to collect data, questionnaires of job demand (Karasek), job control (Brief) and desire to have children were used.

Results: The average age of the employees was 37/82 ± 8/79, of whom 42/8% were between 31 and 40 years old, and the average employment history of the employees was 13/03 ± 7/85. 68/8% of the participants were female, 58% had contractual or official employment status. The mean variable of job demand was 26/27 ± 5/699. The mean of occupational control variable was 88/64 ± 12/64. The mean variable of desire to have children was 28/95±5/30. A strong, inverse and significant relationship and a weak, inverse and significant relationship were observed between the job demand variable and job control and also between the job demand variable and the desire to have children. Also, no significant relationship was observed between the job control variable and the desire to have children.

Conclusion: By increasing the job demand variable to a large amount, job control should be reduced, and by increasing the job demand variable to a small amount, the desire to have children should be reduced. Also, by increasing or decreasing the variable of job control, there are no changes in the variable of willingness to have children, so the above results can be used to improve the quality of services and improve the health of society.