Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences

Importance of Evaluating the Quality of Clinical Education and Its Challenges

Leyla Ahmadi lari — 2024-11-26

Introduction: Clinical education plays a crucial role in shaping the capabilities and professional skills of learners, and it is an essential and sensitive part of medical education. Clinical education provides students with information and skills related to patient care, as well as improving decision-making skills, critical thinking, and increasing students' self-confidence. Clinical education provides an opportunity for transforming theoretical knowledge into practical skills in caregiving, meaning that enhanced education leads to improved quality of care. Therefore, attention to clinical education and its influencing factors is important. With the importance of continuous assessment of the current status of clinical education, it is proposed to review the content of courses and provide clear objectives, lesson plans, clinical education programs, and thorough justification for students. The use of new educational aids, appropriate planning for dividing students into sections, and equipping departments with more facilities can reduce the problems in clinical education. Furthermore, authorities ought to enhance educational quality by regularly evaluating the current landscape and employing feedback from learners and teachers to examine issues and pinpoint existing obstacles and difficulties.

Use of Respiratory Volatile Organic Compounds in the Diagnosis of Infections

Mehdi Basaki — 2024-11-26

Introduction: Infectious diseases continue to significantly affect global human health. Conducting infection diagnostic tests can be difficult due to limited resources, time limitations, or the inadequacy of current diagnostic techniques. There is a growing interest in developing diagnostic methods through the analysis of exhaled air, as breath sampling is non-invasive, safe, and convenient. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in exhaled air provide insights into the metabolic and biophysical processes associated with various diseases. This review highlights recent advancements in breath-based diagnosis for respiratory infections, including those caused by the influenza virus, SARS-CoV-2, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Aspergillus fumigatus. Furthermore, this review also examines the contemporary viewpoint on diagnosing two significant infections: Helicobacter pylori and malaria.

Conclusion: Certain volatile organic compounds (VOCs) linked to respiratory conditions are specifically and often associated with multiple infectious diseases, indicating that breath analysis could be a valuable approach for creating diagnostic tools. However, existing challenges encompass the absence of standardized protocols for collecting and analyzing breath samples, as well as a deficiency in validation studies. Additional research is essential to broaden the use of breath analysis in clinical practice.

Microbiome and Ulcerative Colitis; An Insight into the Interaction between Bacteria and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Review Article

Malihe Hasanzadeh — 2024-11-26

Introduction: Ulcerative colitis, also known as intestinal colitis, is a relatively common and chronic condition characterized by inflammation of the large intestine. This disorder falls under the category of inflammatory bowel diseases and shares notable similarities with Crohn's disease The large intestine is responsible for extracting nutrients from undigested food while expelling waste through the rectum or anus in the form of feces Humans are almost identical in their genetic sequence, but small differences in our DNA lead to tremendous phenotypic diversity among the human population. The various types of microbial communities and their genetic material (the microbiome) present in the human body play a crucial role in health and disease. Numerous studies have established a link between ulcerative colitis and the human microbiome.

Conclusion: Changes in the microbiome's diversity can be one of the reasons for the development of ulcerative colitis. Investigating the relationship between the microbiome and ulcerative colitis can suggest new treatment methods such as stool transplantation.

Evaluation the Effectiveness of Sayasept HI and Surfosept Instrument Disinfection Solutions on Rotary Files

Mansoure Velayati Hoshang — 2024-11-26

Introduction: The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of Sayasept-HI and Surfosept-Instrument disinfectant solutions on dental equipment.

Methods: In this laboratory study, 30 patients were selected and 4 rotary files were considered for each patient. The rotary files that were infected with oral microflora were transferred to the laboratory, and in 4 separate categories, including the positive control as a control of contamination, disinfected by Deconex as a negative control, and disinfected by Sayasept-HI and Surfosept-instrument disinfectants. Then sampling of the surfaces of this tool was done by sterile cotton swap. Infected swaps were placed in thioglycolate enrichment medium. Turbidity measurement and then culture of the samples were done on blood agar, Eosin Methylene-Blue and chocolate agar culture media. After the heating time, the grown colonies were counted. The results were analyzed by Mann-Whitney test in SPSS version 16 statistical software.

Results: The results showed that no bacterial growth was observed in the two test groups that contained antimicrobial solutions, but in the samples of the control group, the culture results were positive and there was a significant difference between the number of bacterial colonies before and after disinfection with each of the two disinfectant solutions was present (P<0.0001), but there was no difference in terms of disinfection between the two test solutions (P>0.05 ).

Conclusion: Both surfosept Instrument and Sayasept HI solutions showed a significant effect in the amount of bacterial colony reduction compared to the control group, and without any superiority over each other, the ability to destroy the bacterial species of their effect spectrum and disinfect the equipment.

Retrospective Assessment of the Clinical Negligence Claim Cases Filed in Alborz Province from 2010-2017

Parnian Shamsi — 2024-11-26

Introduction: Dental complaints are increasing globally, similar to medical complaints. This study assessed clinical negligence claim cases filed in Alborz province to identify common complications and problems.

Methods: This cross-sectional study examined all existing files related to dental complaints in the medical system organization of Alborz Province between 2010 and 2017.The data were analyzed using SPSS-16 statistical software and a Chi-square test was used to determine the relationships. A significance level of 0.05 was considered.

Results: Information from 147 cases was examined. The highest number of complaints came from dentists in the 35 to 45 age group. The complaints were higher for male dentists compared to female dentists (p<0.001). Among the cases, 75.5% were against general dentists with the most common complaint related to root canal treatment at 34%. Surgeons had the highest number of complaints at 38.9%, while periodontics specialists had the lowest at 2.8%. The main motivation for complaints was related to the doctor's conduct at 54.2%, followed by financial damage at 44.3%.

Conclusion: Cases leading to a negligence verdict still make up a significant portion of complaints. Dentists who ware knowledgeable about the profession's legal and ethical issues can prevent disputes and complaints. Therefore, reviewing how students are taught about clinical, legal, and moral issues can be effective in preventing complaints.

Effect of Sensorimotor Rehabilitation Protocol on Vertical Ground Reaction Force and Loading Rate in Men with Patellofemoral Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Ali Yalfani — 2024-11-26

ntroduction: The change of vertical ground reaction force and loading rate rate is a important factor in causing patellofemoral pain (PFP). The aim of this study was the effect of sensory-motor exercises on the vertical ground reaction force and loading rate in patients with PFP when stair descent.

Methods: A total of 30 patients with PFP participated and were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups (15 subject in each group). Over a period of twelve weeks, the experimental group engaged in sensorimotor exercises, while the control group did not receive any therapeutic intervention. Pain intensity, fear of movement, quadriceps muscle strength, knee flexion angle, components of vertical ground reaction force and loading rate were evaluated in two stages pre-test and post-test. For data analysis SPSS 16 software and the covariance statistical method were used to compare the results between groups, and the significance level was considered 0.05.

Results: The analysis of covariance analysis indicated that sensorimotor exercises in the experimental group compared to the control group had a significant difference in reduced pain (P <0.001), reduced fear of movement (P <0.001), incresed quadriceps muscle strength (P <0.001), incresed knee flexion angle (P <0.001), components of vertical ground reaction force (P <0.001), and reduced loading rate (P <0.001).

Conclusion: The finding suggest that the experimental group experienced a boost in in quadriceps muscle strength, leading to diminished pain and fear of movement, an increase in knee flexion angle, and enhanced active shock absorption. Consequently, there was an increase in both peak forces while the loading rate and valley force decreased.

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Sclerorhachis Leptoclada Rech. F. Leaf Extract: Characterization and Investigation of Antibacterial Activities

Ebrahim Shafaie — 2024-11-26

Introduction: The environmentally friendly method of green nanoparticle production has garnered significant interest because of its cost-effectiveness and ease of implementation. In this study, in addition to the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the leaf extract of the Sclerorhachis leptoclada Rech. f. (SLL@AgNPs) and the morphological study of the SLL@AgNPs, the antibacterial properties of the SLL@AgNPs were compared with the extract of the S. leptoclada plant and silver nanoparticles alone.

Methods: In this experimental investigation, the features of SLL@AgNPs synthesized via a green method were analyzed using various techniques, including spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Ultimately, the antibacterial properties were assessed through the broth micro-dilution method.

Results: DLS and zeta potential showed the formation of SLL@AgNPs with a hydrodynamic diameter of 130 nm and a surface charge of -38.82 mV, respectively. XRD and TEM analysis also confirmed the formation of pure silver nanoparticles with spherical and elliptical morphology with an average diameter of 20-30. The SLL@AgNPs exhibited antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 0.039, 0.078, 0.039, 0.078, and 0.31 mg/ml, respectively. These findings indicate that SLL@AgNPs significantly enhanced the antibacterial properties of the S. leptoclada plant.

Conclusion: As evidenced by the obtained results, S. leptoclada plant extract significantly increased the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles. This research demonstrated the potential of environmentally friendly silver nanoparticles synthesized in the presence of S. leptoclada extract with significant antibacterial effects for various biomedical applications.

Burnout among Medical Assistants at Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences

Amirhossein Rahavian — 2024-11-26

Introduction: Professional burnout is a state of mental exhaustion and it is a passive reaction caused by chronic occupational stress that is not properly managed. Physician burnout is more prevalent than in the general population, particularly among residents. The aim of this study is to investigate burnout among the residents of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd.

Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 214 residents of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, in 2022-2023 based on the Maslach Burnout Questionnaire. Residents were categorized into no, moderate and severe burnout groups using rates of 33% and 66%. Residents’ career choices, including their decision to enter the medical field and choose a specialty, as well as their priorities were also surveyed.

Results: A total of 151 residents participated in this study (70.5%) with the mean age of 31.91±5.02 years. The mean burnout score was 51.25±26.97. Professional burnout did not differ significantly by gender, marital status, having children, type of specialty (surgical or non-surgical), or residency level. Burnout was highest in pediatrics, orthopedics and cardiology, and lowest in emergency medicine, infectious diseases and ophthalmology. This difference was significant between the disciplines (P-value=0.003). The most important unmet needs cited by residents were a suitable fellowship (77.5%) and fewer working hours (76.8%). 63 residents regretted their choice of medicine (41.7%) and 38 (25.2%) regretted their choice of specialty. There was no significant association between age and professional burnout (P-value=0.057).

Conclusion: More than half of the residents suffer from moderate professional burnout. It is recommended to improve the conditions for residents, to conduct more studies with details and to evaluate this topic regularly.