Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences

Redesigning Medical Science Educational Programs based on Indigenous Health Challenges

2025-11-01T10:09:58+00:00

Introduction: Medical education, a vital aspect of the health system, necessitates ongoing updatesand modifications to meet the evolving demands of communities. Given the climate, culture, health services, and increased practical skills of graduates. This letter will explore how addressing social differences and modifying medical education programs to tackle local health issues can enhance quality and benefits of adapting educational content to community needs while fostering practical skill development.

This letter will explore how addressing social disparities and modifying medical education programs to tackle local health issues can enhance quality and advantages of tailoring educational content to community needs while fostering practical skill development.

Conservative Management of a Parakeratinized Odontogenic Keratocyst in the Anterior Maxilla: A Case Report

2025-11-01T10:09:57+00:00

Introduction: The odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is a highly aggressive lesion that exhibit a significant recurrence rate. Its occurrence in the anterior maxilla is rare and presents distinct treatment difficulties due to its proximity to vital anatomical structures.

Case Report: A 57-year-old male patient presented with a chronic، painless swelling in the anterior maxilla. Radiographic and histopathological examinations confirmed the diagnosis of a parakeratinized OKC. Given the large size of the lesion and its sensitive location، a conservative two-stage treatment approach was implemented. This included initial marsupialization، then a postponed enucleation with peripheral ostectomy after 8 months. Marsupialization resulted in a significant reduction in lesion size and notable bone density improvement، as evidenced on the 6-month follow-up panoramic radiograph. The second-stage enucleation was subsequently performed without any complications.

Conclusion: Staged management of parakeratinized OKCs in anatomically sensitive areas، such as the anterior maxilla، can serve as an effective and minimally invasive treatment option، preserving adjacent structures. Long-term follow-up is essential to monitor for potential recurrence.

Effect of Lumbo-Pelvic Rehabilitation on Pain Intensity in Patients with Chronic Non-specific Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review

2025-11-01T10:09:56+00:00

Introduction: Severe pain is a a critical factor in reducing the quality of life of patients suffering from chronic non-specific low back pain. Therefore, the review study aimed to investigate the effect of lumbar-pelvic exercises on pain intensity in the patients with chronic non-specific low back pain.

Methods: The present study was a systematic review carried out following the guidelines established by PRISMA. A search for English-language articles limited to the period 2000-2025 was conducted using the scientific databases Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus Since direct, and Google scholar. In addition, a Persian search was performed in the scientific databases of the Scientific Information Database of the Magiran, Irandoc, and Alamnet from April 2011 to March 2024. The extracted articles were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the quality of the selected studies was assessed using the Pedro index.

Results: Following the search and review of the studies, a total of 12 studies were finally selected to examine the results. Out of the 12 selected studies, 8 were rated high quality and 4 moderate quality according to the Pedro index. The selected studies had strengths in the random assignment of participants and the quality of their reporting. Three studies reported that lumbo-pelvic exercises reduced pain intensity more than strength, stretching, and general physiotherapy exercises. Additionally, combined exercises (lumbopelvic exercises combined with Pilates and lumbopelvic exercises combined with neuromuscular proprioception facilitation exercises) showed a decreased in pain intensity.

Conclusion: In the patients suffering from chronic nonspecific low back pain, pain intensity is a crucial clinical factor in improving rehabilitation. This review study showed that lumbopelvic exercises and combined lumbopelvic exercises effectively reduce pain intensity in the patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain. This protocol is advised for physicians and physiotherapists to rehabilitate patients suffering from chronic nonspecific low back pain.

Psychometrics of the Persian Version of the Covid-19 Vaccine Acceptance Behavior Questionnaire based on Multi-Theory Model in Students in Yazd City

2025-11-01T10:09:54+00:00

Introduction: Given the importance of preventive behaviors against COVID-19, especially vaccination, a study was conducted to psychometrically evaluate the Persian version of the COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance Behavior Questionnaire among students in Yazd City, aiming to provide a reliable instrument based on a multi-theoretical model.

Methods: The standard questionnaire designed by Sharma was translated from English to Farsi employing the standard "forward-backward" method. Two health experts translated the items separately, while two others translated the answer categories, resulting in a temporary version was prepared. It was subsequently translated back into English, and the final version was presented following thorough cultural adaptation. The face validity, content, structure and reliability of the final Persian version were examined by a panel of experts. Analyzes were conducted using SPSS version 16 and Amos software.

Results: Based on the results obtained from the calculation of content validity ratio (CVR) for the specified questionnaire items, all 13 items were assessed for acceptance. The questionnaire’s content validity index (CVI) was calculated to be high (0.95), suggesting the suitability of the final questionnaire. The fit index was 0.963. The evaluation of the goodness of fit indices for the model showed that all the indices confirmed the proper fit of the final model. The results of Cronbach's alpha coefficients indicated that the questionnaire exhibits high internal consistency (0.792). Cronbach's alpha coefficient for intracluster correlation (0.753) was acceptable.

Conclusion: The findings indicated that the vaccine acceptance behavior questionnaire based on the multi-theory model has acceptable reliability and validity.

Investigating the Effect of Walnut Extract on the Toxicity Caused by the Effect of Tartrazine Artificial Food Coloring on the Levels of Liver Enzymes in Male Rats

2025-11-01T10:09:53+00:00

Introduction: In the food industry, various food dyes are utilized, including tartrazine yellow, which, apart from its toxic effect on the human body, compromises the immune system and increases the liver enzymes. This study aimed was to investigate the effect of walnut extract on the toxicity caused by the effect of artificial food coloring tartrazine on the levels of liver enzymes in male rats.

Methods: In this experimental study, 32 male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups of 8: the control group, the group treated with tartrazine (15 mg/kg), the group with walnut extract (0.2 g/kg) and the group with both tartrazine (15 mg/kg) and walnut extract (0.2 g/kg). The solutions were administered to rats through gavage. The treatments lasted for 30 days, during which liver enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) and the biomarker total bilirubin (B.T) were measured. The results were analyzed using SPSS version 16 software, employing a one-way ANOVA test and Tukey's post hoc test.

Results: Tartrazine caused a significant increase in ALP, GGT and total bilirubin enzymes when compared to the control group (P<0.01). Consumption of walnut extract alone led to a notable decrease in AST and ALT enzyme levels compared to the control group. The levels of AST, ALP, GGT and B.T enzymes in the group that consumed both tartrazine and walnut extract simultaneously were significantly lower than in the tartrazine group (P<0.01).

Conclusion: Artificial colors such as tartrazine increase liver enzymes, but the use of walnut extract, due to its antioxidant properties, can reduce liver enzyme levels and prevent liver damage.

Evaluation of the Effects of 70% Ethanol and Formalin Tablets on Dental Anesthesia Cartridges

2025-11-01T10:09:52+00:00

Introduction: Selection the appropriate disinfectant can play an effective role in reducing infection caused by contamination of the external surface of anesthetic cartridges. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of different disinfectants on dental anesthetics and their effect on microbial contamination of dental anesthetics.

Methods: In this laboratory study, nine carpules from each of three different brands were obtained for the study. A subset of these carpules served as a control group, undergoing microbial culture without any disinfection to evaluate initial microbial contamination. The remaining carpules were subjected to 70% ethanol or formalin, and then underwent microbial culture to assess the efficacy of these disinfectants. These procedures were conducted in the Microbiology Department Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine. Subsequently, the carpules were transferred to the School of Pharmacy to evaluate the penetration of 70% ethanol and formalin. Using the high‑performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique, disinfectant penetration levels inside the carpules were measured after 24 hours. The data were entered into SPSS16 and analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis statistical test.

Results: Two out of nine undisinfected carpules showed positive microbial cultures. In comparison, all 18 disinfected cartridges tested negative for microbial growth after 24 hours. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in the measured amounts of formalin (P=0.0036) and ethanol (P=0.0037). Specifically, Spanish carpules contained the lowest amounts, whereas Colombian and Iranian carpules showed the highest concentrations of formalin and alcohol.

Conclusion: The results of this study showed that dental anesthesia carpules can be contaminated with bacteria, and their commercial packaging does not guarantee complete sterility. The use of 70% ethanol and formalin tablets effectively eliminated these contaminations without causing any significant toxic effects.

Relationship between Physical Literacy and Mental Health: Determining the Mediating Role of Psychological Resilience

2025-11-01T10:09:51+00:00

Introduction: Physical literacy and its role in lifelong participation in physical activity and health have become a vital issue. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between physical literacy and mental health mediated by psychological resilience in students.

Methods: The present study was a descriptive correlational study utilizing structural equation modeling.. The statistical population included all students of Islamic Azad Universities in Mazandaran Province during the 2022-2023 academic year, with 500 individuals selected as a statistical sample through the sampling cluster method. In order to collect data, questionnaires on demographics, socioeconomic status, physical literacy (Sum et al. 2016), mental health (Goldberg, 1988), and resilience (Connor & Davidson, 2003) were employed. Finally, 420 filled-out questionnaires were collected. Data analysis was performed utilizing the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Spearman's correlation, and Structural Equation Modeling using SPSS16 and SmartPLS3 software.

Results: The results indicated a significant relationship between mental health and physical literacy (P<0.01) as well as its dimensions, namely self- awareness and self-confidence (P<0.01), self-expression and communication (P<0.01), along with knowledge and understanding (P<0.01). Psychological resilience mediates the relationship between physical literacy and mental health (P<0.05).

Conclusion: The research findings endorse the development of physical literacy in universities as a crucial aspect of a comprehensive approach to enhance the mental health of students

Effect of Eight Weeks of Resistance Training in Hypoxic Conditions on Hemodynamic, Hematological and Maximum Strength Changes in Type 2 Diabetes Patients

2025-11-01T10:09:49+00:00

Introduction: Hemorheological factors have been confirmed to be compromised in diabetes. The study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of resistance training in hypoxia conditions on hemodynamic, hematological and maximal strength changes in type 2 diabetes patients.

Methods: The study was both experimental and developmental, involving 41 patients with type 2 diabetes who were divided into three different resistance training groups: one with blood flow restriction (RTBFR), another without blood flow restriction (RTnonBFR), and a control group. The participants in the RTnonBFR and RTBFR groups performed the exercise for 8 weeks at intensities of 20, 40, 60, and 80 percent of 1RM and 20 and 30 percent of 1RM, respectively. The rest interval between sets for each group was 0.5 to 1 minute, with 30 seconds of rest between each set, respectively. The participants in the control group maintained a typical lifestyle during this period. Hemodynamic and hematological indices were measured before and 48 hours after following the last training session. An analysis of variance with a between-group factor and LSD post hoc test was utilized to investigate the effect of the intervention on quantitative factors.

Results: Resistance training both with and without blood flow restriction resulted in an increase in maximum strength compared to the control group (P<0.05), and systolic blood pressure in the RT_BFR group showed a significant decrease compared to other groups (P<0.05). HbA1c increased in the control group relative to the two exercise groups, although it was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Glucose levels in the RT_nonBFR group showed a notable decrease compared to those in the RT_BFR group (P < 0.05). RBC and Hb factor in RT_BFR group increased significantly compared to other groups (P < 0.05). Blood glucose levels in the RT_nonBFR group exhibited a decrease compared to the control group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: The use of low-intensity resistance training with blood flow restriction, given the minimal alternations in hemodynamic indices and some hematological and platelet indices, may serve as an effective and low-cost mechanism in preventing the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes. As a non-pharmacological treatment system and alternative to high-intensity resistance training to prevent muscle atrophy, especially diabetic patients