Epidemiology, Transmission, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of COVID19: An Updated Review

Mahdi Majidpour; Armin  Zahedi Abqari; Behrouz Robat-Jazi; Saman Sargazi

doi:10.18502/ssu.v29i11.8501

Mahdi Majidpour Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
Armin Zahedi Abqari Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
Behrouz Robat-Jazi Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Saman Sargazi Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Iran

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/ssu.v29i11.8501

Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Vaccine, Pandemic.

Abstract

Introduction: The novel coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) appeared almost two years ago in China and quickly created a pandemic and affected all aspects of human life. The virus, termed SARS-CoV-2, is generally asymptomatic but contagious and might have originated from bats. Nowadays, the mechanisms underlying the infection and the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 are distinguishable from previous coronaviruses. Early diagnosis and supportive treatment are necessary to cure the patients with COVID-19. Early evidence recommended that children are just likely as adults to become infected with this novel virus. It is now established that children are more often show gastrointestinal manifestations than adults do, and many children affected by SARS-CoV-2 are asymptomatic. Over 300 vaccine projects are recently developed by the scientific community to treat COVID-19 disease; however, these vaccines might lose efficacy by a number of unpredicted issues, including the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 mutants.

Conclusion: Due to the high prevalence and worldwide widespread of COVID-19, many studies are underway to find treatment modalities and develop new vaccines or antiviral substances to fight the virus. The COVID-19 pandemic is not only a challenge to global health but also has globally affected mental, social, and economic health. Moreover, the post-corona pandemic condition will undoubtedly have many Socioeconomic Challenges. This review study has been focused on epidemiology, virology, transmission methods, clinical features, laboratory findings, and prevalent mutations of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. We hope that information provided within this article will significantly benefit researchers currently investigating COVID-19 patients.