Evaluation of Urine Analysis in Children with covid-19 Hospitalized in Akbar Mashhad Hospital during the Period of 2021-2023

Zhila Sheikhi; Mahla  Zahraeefar; Ali  Khakshour; Mona  Kabiri; Tahereh  Sadeghi; Parisa  Shojaei

doi:10.18502/ssu.v33i11.21068

Zhila Sheikhi Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Mahla Zahraeefar Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Ali Khakshour Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Mona Kabiri Department of Drug Nanotechnology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Tahereh Sadeghi Pediatric Nursing Group, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Parisa Shojaei Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/ssu.v33i11.21068

Keywords: COVID-19, Children, Urinary tests, Renal complications, Urinary infections.

Abstract

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the urinary test results in children under 18 years old hospitalized with COVID-19 at Akbar Hospital in Mashhad City. The main focus was on identifying microbial infections, kidney complications, and changes in urinary indicators in these patients.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 199 children hospitalized with a positive PCR test for COVID-19 at Akbar Hospital in Mashhad City March 2021 to February 2023. Demographic information and urinary test results were collected from medical records and the hospital HIS system. Urine tests included checking for protein, glucose, ketones, bilirubin, pH, nitrite, and blood cells. Statistical analysis utilized SPSS software for execution.

Results: This study assessed 199 hospitalized pediatric patients with COVID-19. In the majority of instances, protein and glucose tested negative (79.9% and 84.9%, respectively), although varying levels were observed in certain cases. Both nitrite and white blood cells in the urine tested negative. Hemoglobin was positive in 1.5% of cases, blood in 23.5%, and epithelial cells were positive in some samples. Urine cultures in some cases indicated the presence of bacteria like Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species, displaying varying patterns of antibiotic resistance. Statistical analysis showed that parameters such as color, appearance, protein, blood, pH, epithelial cells, mucus, and bacteria were significantly associated with either normal or abnormal urine test results (p<0.05). However, no significant association was detected between urine test results and gender or age.

Conclusion: This study showed that kidney complications and abnormal urinary test results were infrequent in hospitalized children with COVID-19, with the majority of patients were remaining in a normal state.