Factors related to depression among transgender women: A systematic review

Abstract

Background & Aim: Transgender women represent a vulnerable population with a high rate of depression. This systematic review aims to identify and analyze the factors associated with depression in this population.

Methods & Materials: The research protocol was registered with PROSPERO. A systematic search was conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, and ProQuest for studies published between 2014 and 2024. Relevant studies focusing on depression and related factors in transgender women were selected. Data extraction focused on identified factors associated with depression. The reporting of this review adhered to PRISMA guidelines, and the quality of included studies was appraised using JBI’s critical appraisal tools. A narrative synthesis was conducted to synthesize the findings.

Results: From 2,511 records identified in the database, 14 cross-sectional studies were included in the review. The analysis revealed three primary categories of factors related to depression: demographic, psychological, and sociological factors. Key demographic factors included age and insufficient income, both of which were at increased risk of depression. Psychological factors such as self-stigma and self-esteem were associated with higher depression rates. Sociological factors, including family support, peer support, and violence, were also significant predictors of depression in transgender women.

Conclusion: Depression in transgender women is influenced by a complex interaction of demographic, psychological, and sociological factors. These findings underscore the need for tailored nursing interventions that incorporate mental health support.