Dairy Product Consumption among Adults and Determining the Population-Attributable Risk of Common Non-Communicable Diseases: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Amin Doosti-Irani; Parvin Cheraghi; Nasrin Shirmohammadi; Bahraeh  Khdemi-Monfared; Zahra Cheraghi

doi:10.18502/jthc.v19i2.16199

Amin Doosti-Irani Health Sciences Research Center, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
Parvin Cheraghi Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran & Department of Gerontology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Nasrin Shirmohammadi School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
Bahraeh Khdemi-Monfared Famenin Health and Treatment Network, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
Zahra Cheraghi Modeling of Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/jthc.v19i2.16199

Keywords: Food-processing industry; Dairy products; Biomedical research, methods; Humans; Population; Risk; Hypertension, epidemiology; Hypertension, etiology; Cross-sectional study, Iran

Abstract

Background: Over the past decade, Iranian households have experienced a decline in dairy product consumption. This study aimed to evaluate the population-attributable risk of prevalent non-communicable diseases related to dairy product consumption.

Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study involved 628 adults over 18 years old in Hamadan City in 2021. Clusters were selected based on comprehensive urban health centers. The standardized Iranian version of the food frequency questionnaire was used. Participants were categorized into 3 levels of dairy product consumption: >1 serving per day, 1–2 servings per day, and ≥3 servings per day.

Results: The mean age of the 628 participants was 38.05 (SD: 12.5), with 42.36% being male. Cheese (54.5%), yogurt (39.7%), and milk (30.4%) were consumed most frequently. The prevalence of insufficient dairy product consumption was 48.6%, higher than that reported in previous studies. Insufficient dairy product consumption was associated with hypertension (9.3%), cardiovascular disease (5.6%), and osteoporosis (5.1%).

Conclusion: Individuals with lower education levels, female gender, lowest quartile of socioeconomic status, and those diagnosed with cardiovascular disease were more likely to have insufficient dairy product consumption. Insufficient dairy product consumption was associated with hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and osteoporosis.