Long-Term Outcomes of Fractional Flow Reserve-Guided Percutaneous Coronary Intervention of Moderate Lesions in Patients with Chronic Coronary Syndrome

Hamid Khederlou; Mehrdad Mohajeri; Houshang Bavandpour Karvane; Arash Jalali; Mojtaba Salarifar

doi:10.18502/jthc.v19i1.15538

Hamid Khederlou Department of Cardiology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
Mehrdad Mohajeri Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Houshang Bavandpour Karvane Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Arash Jalali Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Mojtaba Salarifar Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/jthc.v19i1.15538

Keywords: Coronary artery disease; Acute coronary syndrome; Fractional flow reserve; Myocardial; Percutaneous coronary intervention

Abstract

Background: Fractional flow reserve (FFR) is crucial to evaluating coronary artery stenosis in patients diagnosed with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS). By assessing the severity of stenosis, FFR assists in determining whether percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is necessary.

Methods: Conducted at Tehran Heart Center from 2013 through 2017, this cohort study involved 52,248 CCS patients who underwent coronary angiography. Among them, 598 symptomatic individuals, despite receiving comprehensive medical treatment, underwent FFR assessment. Subsequently, 225 patients with positive FFR (≤0.80) underwent PCI, while 373 patients received solely medical treatment. The patients were monitored for 3 years to evaluate primary and secondary endpoints.

Results: After 3 years, the PCI group demonstrated a lower incidence of the primary composite endpoint, consisting of all-cause mortality, nonfatal myocardial infarction, repeat target vessel/lesion revascularization (TVR/TLR), and coronary artery bypass graft surgery, than the medical treatment group (HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.74 to 0.98; P=0.012). Additionally, urgent TVR/TLR significantly decreased in the PCI group (HR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.42 to 0.74; P<0.001).

Conclusion: FFR-guided PCI demonstrated effectiveness in reducing long-term major adverse cardiac events, primarily by lowering the incidence of TVR/TLR. The results emphasize the significance of FFR-guided PCI in addressing stenosis rather than alleviating ischemia.