Role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor as a Potential Biomarker in Congenital Heart Defects: A Systematic Review

Sana Ashiq; Syed Najam Hyder; Kanwal Ashiq; Muhammad  Farooq Sabar

doi:10.18502/jthc.v18i4.14822

Sana Ashiq Center for Applied Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
Syed Najam Hyder Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Child Health Sciences, The Children’s Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan.
Kanwal Ashiq Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Superior University, Lahore, Pakistan.
Muhammad Farooq Sabar Center for Applied Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/jthc.v18i4.14822

Keywords: Heart defects, congenital; Polymorphism, genetic; Vascular endothelial growth factors

Abstract

Background: Several studies have investigated the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) variants, serum levels, and correlations with other extrinsic factors in congenital heart defects (CHDs); however, the findings need confirmation. The present systematic review evaluates the association between CHDs and genetic polymorphisms and serum expressions.

Methods: Relevant literature was searched through electronic databases using keywords and MeSH terms. VEGF activity was comparatively assessed between cyanotic and acyanotic CHDs, and the association between different polymorphisms and heart defects was evaluated.

Results: We ultimately evaluated 12 studies regarding the association between VEGF serum patterns and found that serum VEGF levels were upregulated or downregulated in correlation with hypoxia and hemoglobin levels and were significantly associated with cyanotic CHDs compared with acyanotic CHDs. Our results also showed a significant role for different single-nucleotide polymorphisms, including rs699947, rs2010963, and rs3025039.

Conclusion: The findings of the current study suggested a significant association between CHDs and VEGF genetic polymorphisms or varied serum levels. Nevertheless, more comprehensive studies may provide conclusive results and valuable insights into the pathogenesis of CHDs and relevant treatment strategies.