Long-Term Prognosis in Patients with Coronary Slow Flow

Amir Mikaeilvand; Reza Hajizadeh; Amin Bateni; Zhivar Yahyapour

doi:10.18502/jthc.v17i4.11608

Amir Mikaeilvand Department of Cardiology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
Reza Hajizadeh Department of Cardiology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
Amin Bateni Department of Community Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
Zhivar Yahyapour Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/jthc.v17i4.11608

Keywords: Slow flow phenomenon; Ischemia; Outcome; Prognosis

Abstract

Background: Coronary slow flow (CSF) is defined as decreased coronary blood circulation velocity and delayed opacification of contrast media during angiography. Evidence is insufficient regarding the course and prognosis of CSF patients. Long-term follow-up can help better understand the physiopathology and outcome of CSF. Accordingly, we assessed the long-term outcomes of CSF patients in this study.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study was carried out on 213 CSF patients consecutively admitted to a tertiary health care center from April 2012 through March 2021. After data collection from the patients’ files, follow-up was done via telephone call invitations and assessments of existing data in the outpatient cardiology clinic. The comparative analysis was conducted using a logistic regression test.

Results: The mean follow-up length was 66.26±15.32 months, 105 patients (52.2%) were male, and the mean age of the patients was 53.81±11.91 years. The left anterior descending was the main affected artery (42.8%). At long-term follow-up, 19 patients (9.5%) required repeated angiography. Three patients (1.5%) had a myocardial infarction and 5 (2.5%) died from cardiovascular etiologies. Three patients (1.5%) underwent percutaneous coronary intervention. No patient required coronary artery bypass grafting. The need for a second angiography had no association with sex, symptoms, and echocardiographic findings.

Conclusion: The long-term outcome of CSF patients is good, but their follow-up is necessary for the early diagnosis of cardiovascular-related adverse events.