Evaluation of the Prevalence of Insomnia and Its Associated Factors in Patients with Cardiovascular Disorders

Abstract

Introduction: This cross-sectional study examined insomnia among 456 adults with cardiovascular disease in Kerman, Iran, including patients with acute coronary syndrome or heart failure.

Methods: The researchers aimed to estimate insomnia prevalence and identify associated factors using SPSS 26 with descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, and one-way ANOVA, considering (P < 0.05) as statistically significant.

Results: The study found that insomnia was very common, affecting 76.1% of participants. Severe insomnia was more frequent in men than in women. Insomnia was also significantly associated with several sociodemographic factors, including lower educational level, poorer financial status, age 51-60 years, marital status, freelance work, and unemployment. Lifestyle factors were also important: higher daily intake of tea or coffee, alcohol use, tobacco use, drug abuse, and sedative medication use were all linked to insomnia. In addition, patients with prior psychiatric problems or a history of psychiatric hospitalization had higher rates of insomnia. Disease-related factors were also associated, including illness duration of less than one year, treatment duration of less than one year, and use of aspirin, nitroglycerin, metoprolol, clopidogrel, apixaban, and losartan.

Conclusion: Overall, the findings indicate that insomnia is highly prevalent in patients with cardiovascular disorders and is associated with a broad range of demographic, behavioral, psychiatric, and treatment-related factors. The authors conclude that comprehensive assessment and targeted care programs are needed to improve detection and management of insomnia in this population.