Journal of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmaceutical Management

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Teneligliptin V/S Glimepiride as an Add-on to Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Manju C S — 2025-11-28

Background: Diabetes is a major lifestyle disorder. Proper glycemic control is needed to prevent the development of patients with Type 2 diabetes. Glimepiride is a second- generation sulphonyl urea with better safety and efficacy, and is commonly prescribed compared to other drugs of that class. teneligliptin is a relatively newer dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitor with proven clinical efficacy with metformin. A more cost-effective treatment option is important in the case of people with a poor economic background for better adherence and thereby preventing complications and economic burden.

Methods: A prospective observation study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital to assess and compare the cost-effectiveness of glimepiride 1mg and teneligliptin 20 mg when added to metformin 500 mg. a total of 112 patients were selected as per the inclusion criteria, 56 of them allocated to group A are taking glimepiride 1 mg and metformin 500 mg once daily. Group B patients are those who are on teneligliptin 20 mg and metformin 500 mg once daily. Fasting blood glucose and post-prandial blood glucose of each patient in both groups were recorded as baseline.

Results: The average cost-effectiveness ratio is calculated using the average cost of therapy for 4 months and the average reduction in effectiveness for 4 months. In this study, cost data included direct costs of purchasing the drugs. cost-effectiveness analysis revealed that glimepiride metformin combination showed better effectiveness in terms of both FBG and PPBG reduction. Teneligliptin and metformin therapy have shown satisfactory reduction in blood glucose levels, but it is much costlierCompared to teneligliptin, glimepiride is a better choice as an add-on drug in the absence of any contraindication in patients who are highly concerned about cost, to reduce economic burden, and to improve adherence, when used as an initial combination in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

A Descriptive Study of Medicine Utilisation in Côte D’ivoire

Jérôme Kouame — 2025-11-28

Background: The measurement of medicine utilisation is of considerable benefit for policymakers in the planning and assessment of medicine policies. This study aimed to describe the temporal trends and utilisation patterns of medicines in Côte d’Ivoire.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective description of medicine utilisation at the MUGEFCI. Main subscribers and beneficiaries aged 15 and over who used at least one drug reimbursed between 1st January 2014 and 31st December 2018 were included. Data were retrieved from the MUGEFCI database and described via the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical/Defined Daily Dose (ATC/DDD) methodology. The results were expressed as defined daily doses per 1,000 insureds per day (DID). The prevalence and incidence of medicine utilisation were calculated.

Results: Between 2014 and 2018, the overall prevalence of use increased from 17.98% (95% CI: 17.90% - 18.05%) to 20.87% (95% CI: 20.80% - 20.94%). There was an 18.96% decrease in the incidence of use, from 6.11% (95% CI: 6.06% - 6.15%) to 4.90% (95% CI: 4.91% - 4.99%). Total medicine utilisation increased from 169.60 DID in 2014 to 218.61 DID in 2018. Each year, the medicines with the highest rate of utilisation were those for the cardiovascular system (C), anti-infectives for systemic use (J) and alimentary tract and metabolism (A). Approximately 50% of the medicine used belong to four therapeutic groups: antibacterials for systemic use (J01), agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system (C09), calcium channel blockers (C08), and drugs used in diabetes (A10).

Conclusion: Medicine utilisation has shown an increasing trend. A study of the factors that explain this growth can provide decision-makers with arguments for ensuring that they are used rationally

Investigating the Status and Causes of Storing Surplus Household Medicines in Tehran

Masoombeygi H — 2025-11-28

Background: Surplus household medicines is a critical issue in public health. This study was investigated the status and reasons of the surplus household medicines in Tehran -Iran.

Methods: This cross-sectional and descriptive- analytical research was done in selected districts of Tehran. The questionnaire content validity was done by CVR and CVI indexes. The collected data were categorized using the ATC classification system. The sample size was 384 families, but 510 families were entered in research processes. Independent T tests and one-way ANOVA were used for data analysis.

Results: The selected districts had 1990000 populations. The response rate for questionnaire was 85.7% so, the 437 household were included in the final analysis. The 67.2 % of surplus medicine have valid date and safe appearance. The mean weight of excess drugs were 243.528 ± 36.361 grams. Over than 30% of excess medicines were kept at home. Based on Pearson correlation coefficient, the participants age and surplus medicine have negative correlation (-0.053). Increasing of the family dimension has no effect on weighted average of surplus medicine (p- value >0.05). Cabinet is the most common place to store surplus medication in studied households. The location of medication storage is somewhat consistent with the age of the participants. Education levels has not effects on surplus medication weight (p>0.05). Employment types in participants has significant effects on surplus medication amount(p<0.05) and the weighted mean of surplus medication is higher in government employees and retired & unemployed. Dispose of in household trash was the highest choice (86%).

Conclusions: Inappropriate storage of excess medicines can be dangerous in terms of public health. Inappropriate disposal can lead to emerging pollutants in environment. Due to economic value and elevation of public safety, management of surplus medication need for appropriate policy making with approaches to support the formulated policy

Evaluating the impact of u.s. Tariffs and Evolving Global Trade Policies on Pharmaceutical Pricing, Market Penetration, and the Supply of Generic Medicines from India to the World

Syed Saif Imam — 2025-11-28

Background: The Indian pharmaceutical industry, known for its generics, is facing significant challenges due to U.S. tariffs and global trade policies. These trade barriers have impacted export costs, pricing strategies, and competitiveness, particularly in the U.S. market. This study examines the industry's response to these challenges and its future growth prospects in emerging markets.

Methods: A survey was conducted with 120 professionals in the Indian pharmaceutical industry, including managers and executives. The survey explored the impact of U.S. tariffs and global trade restrictions on export costs, supply chains, and competitiveness. Participants also shared insights on strategies adopted to cope with these challenges.

Results: The survey revealed that 89% of respondents agreed that U.S. tariffs have raised pharmaceutical export costs. Additionally, 81 respondents indicated that tariffs forced companies to adjust their pricing strategies. When asked about generic medicines, 89% believed tariffs increased their pricing. Regarding competitiveness, 54% of respondents felt that tariffs reduced competitiveness in the U.S. market. Global trade policies were seen as disruptive to the flow of generic medicines, with 68 respondents agreeing. Cost efficiency became a focus for 57 respondents, while 47% agreed that India should prioritize innovation, such as biologics, over generics.

Conclusion: The survey highlights that U.S. tariffs and trade barriers have increased costs and disrupted supply chains for Indian pharmaceuticals. However, the industry is adapting by focusing on cost efficiency and innovation. Exploring emerging markets in Europe, Africa, and the Middle East offers opportunities for growth and diversification beyond the U.S. market.

Investigating the rules and regulations of the registration process of pharmaceutical products in the Common wealth of Independent States (CIS) in comparison to those in Iran

Mostafa Khajeh Dehaghani — 2025-11-28

Background: Drug Dossier is a file document submitted based on the requirement of the drug approval process. It is a comprehensive scientific document used to obtained worldwide licensing approval of a drug by diverse health authorities. There are different requirements in different countries for registration of a product. Regulatory agencies require Pharmaceutical Dossiers to gain approval to market drugs. Drug Dossier is a document file which has technical and administrative information. Pharma companies prepare dossier as per CTD / Eu CTD / non-CTD (country specific guideline).

Methods: This dissertation is completely descriptive and it is enough to collect, translate and classify the registration process of the countries under study. Finally, its key steps are compared with Iran's regulations, as well as some guidelines for developing exports in accordance with the regulations of the countries under study.

Results: CIS countries follow their own country specific dossier format. Documentation of Dossier in countries of the CIS countries is different from Iran