Effectiveness of Cardiac Rehabilitation for Patients after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft: Randomized Controlled Trial

Ali Suleiman  Harbi; Kim Lam  Soh; Putri  Yubbu; Kim Geok  Soh

doi:10.18502/jmr.v19i3.19089

Ali Suleiman Harbi Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Seri Kembangan, Malaysia.
Kim Lam Soh Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Seri Kembangan, Malaysia.
Putri Yubbu Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Seri Kembangan, Malaysia.
Kim Geok Soh Department of Sport Studies, Faculty of Educational Studies, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Seri Kembangan, Malaysia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/jmr.v19i3.19089

Keywords: Cardiac rehabilitation, Anxiety, Depression, Health status

Abstract

Introduction: Cardiac rehabilitation is a program designed to help patients adopt healthy lifestyle changes. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of a comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation program (CCRP) on anxiety, depression, perceived health status (PHS) and 90- day readmission rate in patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).

Materials and Methods: A total of 122 patients were randomized into two groups: The intervention group received CCRP. The program lasted for 12 weeks. Anxiety and depression were assessed using the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) and PHS was assessed using the short form-36 health survey. The CCRP’s effectiveness was measured using analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Results: The sample comprised 122 participants, of whom 85(69.7%) were male, with a mean age of 53.01±7.26 years. At baseline, the groups showed no significant differences. At 12 weeks and one month later, significant differences were observed between the groups for anxiety (F =937.69, P<0.001, partial η2=0.90), depression (F =1036.00, P<0.001, partial1 11η2=0.91), physical component summary (PCS) (F =14.73, P<0.001, partial η2=0.13) and mental component summary (MCS) (F =13.87, P<0.001, partial η2=0.121) of PHS, respectively.

Conclusion: CCRP is an effective intervention that can significantly improve anxiety, depression, and PHS. Although the readmission rate difference was insignificant, it may have resulted in substantial rewards. The protocol of the present study was registered and approved in ClinicalTrials.gov PRS.