https://publish.kne-publishing.com/index.php/JEHSD/issue/feedJournal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development2025-07-10T07:45:38+00:00Nahid Gavilin.gavili@knowledgee.comOpen Journal Systems<p>The journal of environmental health and sustainable development was first published in 2016.</p> <p><strong data-stringify-type="bold">All the manuscripts should be submitted through the Journal Primary Website at <a href="https://jehsd.ssu.ac.ir/form_send_article.php?&slct_pg_id=22&sid=1&slc_lang=en">https://jehsd.ssu.ac.ir/form_send_article.php?&slct_pg_id=22&sid=1&slc_lang=en</a></strong></p>https://publish.kne-publishing.com/index.php/JEHSD/article/view/19004Tardigrades in Wastewater Biomonitoring: Microscopic Organisms with Exceptional Environmental Resilience2025-07-10T07:45:27+00:00Behnam Hatami none@none.comMohammad Mehranpour none@none.com<div id="message-list_1667106617.716519" class="c-virtual_list__item" tabindex="0" role="listitem" aria-setsize="-1" data-qa="virtual-list-item" data-item-key="1667106617.716519"> <div class="c-message_kit__background c-message_kit__background--hovered p-message_pane_message__message c-message_kit__message" role="presentation" data-qa="message_container" data-qa-unprocessed="false" data-qa-placeholder="false"> <div class="c-message_kit__hover c-message_kit__hover--hovered" role="document" aria-roledescription="message" data-qa-hover="true"> <div class="c-message_kit__actions c-message_kit__actions--above"> <div class="c-message_kit__gutter"> <div class="c-message_kit__gutter__right" role="presentation" data-qa="message_content"> <div class="c-message_kit__blocks c-message_kit__blocks--rich_text"> <div class="c-message__message_blocks c-message__message_blocks--rich_text" data-qa="message-text"> <div class="p-block_kit_renderer" data-qa="block-kit-renderer"> <div class="p-block_kit_renderer__block_wrapper p-block_kit_renderer__block_wrapper--first"> <div class="p-rich_text_block" dir="auto"> <div class="p-rich_text_section">The Article Abstract is not available.</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="message-list_1669062600000divider" class="c-virtual_list__item" tabindex="-1" role="presentation" aria-setsize="-1" data-qa="virtual-list-item" data-item-key="1669062600000divider"> <div class="c-message_list__day_divider" data-stringify-ignore="true"> </div> </div>2025-06-30T04:26:54+00:00Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Developmenthttps://publish.kne-publishing.com/index.php/JEHSD/article/view/19005The Dual Burden of Air Pollution During Pregnancy: A Systematic Review of Physical and Psychological Consequences2025-07-10T07:45:38+00:00Sakineh Raeisi none@none.comAli Mirbalouchzehi none@none.comMehran Yazdandoust none@none.com<p><strong><em>Introduction:</em></strong> Air pollution affects pregnant women and fetuses, leading to health complications. It increases risks like low birth weight, preterm labor and hypertension. Moreover, mental health issues such as depression and autism spectrum disorders may arise.</p> <p><strong><em>Materials and Methods:</em></strong> This systematic review was conducted by examining data from four databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus covering the period from 2020 to 2024. The keywords used included "air pollution," "pregnant women," "fetal health," "pregnancy complications," "particulate matter," and "mental health". Using specific criteria, 109 studies were found. After excluding unrelated articles, 63 studies were analyzedand key information was extracted.</p> <p><strong><em>Results:</em></strong> Air pollution significantly affects the physical and mental health of pregnant women. It increases the risk of depression, anxiety and autism spectrum disorders, with PM<sub>2.5 </sub>and NO<sub>2</sub> being major contributors. Physical complications like preterm labor, gestational diabetes, miscarriage and preeclampsia are strongly linked to pollution. Lower-income women face higher exposure and mental health risks due to socioeconomic factors. Furthermore, living in urban areas and near pollution sources elevates health risks for mothers and fetuses. The second and third trimesters are the most vulnerable periods, highlighting the need for effective interventions.</p> <p><strong><em>Conclusion:</em></strong> Air pollution severely affects the physical and mental health of pregnant women and fetuses, especially during the second and third trimesters. Preventive measures like air quality improvement and policy-making are crucial to protect maternal and fetal health.</p>2025-06-30T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Developmenthttps://publish.kne-publishing.com/index.php/JEHSD/article/view/19006Air Pollution Microplastics with the Potential Risk of Lung Disease: A Systematic Review2025-07-10T07:45:16+00:00Lalu Muhammad Fikri Wardana none@none.com. Nurjazuli none@none.comTri Joko none@none.comMuhammad Addin Rizaldi none@none.com<p><strong><em>Introduction:</em></strong> Airborne microplastics (AMPs), due to their small size and widespread dispersal, pose increasing risks to human respiratory health. Detected in both indoor and outdoor environments, AMPs raise concerns over chronic inhalation exposure. Their accumulation in lung tissue may lead to oxidative stress, inflammation, and epithelial barrier dysfunction. This systematic review evaluates the respiratory health effects of AMPs exposure.</p> <p><strong><em>Materials and Methods:</em></strong> Following PRISMA guidelines, relevant articles were identified through systematic searches in Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and Springer Link. A total of 20 studies published between 2019 and 2024 were synthesized.</p> <p><strong><em>Results:</em></strong> AMPs originate from degraded plastics and industrial emissions and can reach alveoli when inhaled. They induce inflammatory responses via oxidative stress and activation of pathways such as NF-κB. Chronic exposure is associated with elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial dysfunction, and tissue damage, contributing to conditions like pulmonary fibrosis and COPD. AMPs also impair epithelial barriers by disrupting tight junctions and increasing tissue permeability. In vitro and in vivo studies confirm their cytotoxic and inflammatory effects. However, knowledge gaps remain, particularly regarding chronic low-dose exposure and interactions with other pollutants<strong>.</strong></p> <p><strong><em>Conclusion:</em> </strong>This review highlights the health risks of AMPs and the need for stricter environmental policies and public education. Findings inform future research and support interventions to mitigate AMPs exposure and protect respiratory health.</p>2025-06-30T04:41:44+00:00Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Developmenthttps://publish.kne-publishing.com/index.php/JEHSD/article/view/19007Mineralization of Azo Dye from Aqueous Solution via Electro-activated Persulfate: A Case Study on Direct Red 892025-07-10T07:45:05+00:00Behnam Hataminone@none.comArezo Rezaienone@none.comMaryam Malekbalanone@none.com<p><strong>Introduction</strong>: In recent years, azo dyes, which are widely used in various industries, have attracted attention because of their high production volume, toxicity, and environmental persistence. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have emerged as promising alternatives for the degradation of pollutants by generating reactive radicals. This study investigated the degradation of Direct Red 89 (DR 89) using the electrochemical/persulfate (EC/PS) process.</p> <p><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> A controlled laboratory experiment was conducted utilizing a 1000 mL electrolytic reactor, which was equipped with aluminum and iron electrodes serving as the anode and cathode, respectively. The reactor contained 500 mL of solution, which was continuously stirred using a magnetic stirrer. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) were used to adjust the pH, while sodium chloride (NaCl) served as the supporting electrolyte. The concentration of DR 89 in the samples was measured using a UV-visible spectrophotometer.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>The investigation of operational parameters, including pH, reaction time, persulfate concentration, current density, initial dye concentration, and electrolyte concentration, indicated that a maximum removal efficiency of 99.43% was achieved under optimal conditions: pH 4.0, reaction time of 25 min, current density of 1 mA/cm², electrolyte concentration of 250 mg/L, and persulfate concentration of 30 mg/L, for an aqueous solution containing 80 mg/L of DR89 dye.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Compared with other advanced oxidation processes, this approach is more environmentally friendly, with high efficiency, and less pollutant production. Therefore, it can be widely used to treat industrial wastewater containing persistent pollutants.</p> <p><strong> </strong></p>2025-06-30T04:50:11+00:00Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Developmenthttps://publish.kne-publishing.com/index.php/JEHSD/article/view/19008Phytoremediation Capacity of Egeria Densa for Heavy Metal Contaminated Wastewater and Its Applicability for Constructed Wetland2025-07-10T07:44:52+00:00Swadhin Hossainnone@none.comMahfuza Parveennone@none.comMohammad Rajibnone@none.comS.M Mahmudur Rahmannone@none.com<p><strong><em>Introduction:</em></strong> Phytoremediation is an environmental restoration process that utilizes plant physiology and metabolism. The study was performed on a laboratory scale to assess the heavy metal removal efficiency of <em>Egeria densa</em>, its response to contaminated wastewater, and its potential application in constructed wetlands.</p> <p><strong><em>Materials and Methods: </em></strong>Synthetic wastewater samples with low, moderate, and high concentrations of Cr, Cu, Fe, and Zn were prepared for this study. <em>E. densa</em> was cultivated in these samples for 14 days under controlled conditions, and parameters such as heavy metal removal efficiency, growth rates, chlorophyll content, and water quality indices were analyzed.</p> <p><strong><em>Results:</em></strong> Results showed that In low heavy metal-contaminated wastewater, the removal efficiency of <em>E. densa</em> for Cr, Cu, Fe, and Zn was 93.7%, 91.20%, 87.2%, and 100%, respectively. In highly heavy metal-contaminated wastewater, the heavy metal removal efficiency of <em>E. densa</em> for Cr, Cu, Fe, and Zn was 36%, 54%, 35.2%, and 75%, respectively. Therefore, this study revealed that elevated heavy metal concentrations adversely affected plant growth rates.</p> <p><strong><em>Conclusion: </em></strong><em>E. densa</em> is a viable option for constructed wetland systems in scenarios where wastewater is contaminated with heavy metals from low to moderate levels. These findings can serve as a reference for future studies and provide valuable insights for researchers seeking to implement <em>E. densa</em> as constructed wetland vegetation.</p>2025-06-30T04:53:34+00:00Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Developmenthttps://publish.kne-publishing.com/index.php/JEHSD/article/view/19009Investigating the Effect of Different Wavelengths of UV Radiation in Disinfection of Airborne and Surface SARS-Cov-22025-07-10T07:44:41+00:00Ali Behnaminone@none.comEhsan Aghayaninone@none.comAli Abdolahnejadnone@none.comSaber Raeghinone@none.comMojtaba Pourakbarnone@none.com<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV- 2 has caused the use of reliable and effective disinfection methods, such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation. There are significant gaps in the literature regarding the effectiveness of various UV wavelengths and their performance on different surfaces for viral RNA destruction.</p> <p><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> This study evaluated the efficacy of UVA, UVB, and UVC radiation in inactivating SARS-CoV-2 in contaminated air streams and on various surfaces. The experiment measured the cycle threshold (Ct) values of viral RNA under different UV exposure times and airflow rates.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> UVC radiation achieved complete viral RNA destruction after 5 min at an airflow rate of 1 L/min, significantly outperforming UVA and UVB. Higher airflow rates reduced the efficacy of UVA and UVB, but UVC remained highly effective, showing significant viral reduction even at 6 L/min airflow. On surfaces, UVC exposure increased Ct values over time, indicating reduced viral RNA, with rapid effects on paper and glass, and longer times required for cloth and iron. These results align with those of existing studies, confirming UVC's superior antiviral properties of UVC.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> These findings emphasize the importance of selecting the appropriate UV wavelength and optimizing exposure conditions for effective disinfection. UVC, owing to its high energy and short wavelength, is ideal for rapid and thorough viral inactivation, making it suitable for air and surface disinfection in healthcare and public spaces. Tailored disinfection protocols based on these insights can help mitigate the airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and enhance public health safety. In conclusion, UVC radiation is the most effective UV wavelength for SARS-CoV-2 inactivation, offering significant advantages for disinfection of both air and surfaces. Future strategies should leverage UVC's high efficacy of UVC and optimize the exposure conditions to maximize viral inactivation.</p>2025-06-30T05:08:43+00:00Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Developmenthttps://publish.kne-publishing.com/index.php/JEHSD/article/view/19010Assessment of Groundwater Quality, Heavy Metal Contamination, and Human Health Risks in Roundhill Municipal Landfill, Eastern Cape, South Africa 2025-07-10T07:44:30+00:00Timoti Silwani none@none.comNomathemba Themba none@none.comTlou Bernad Chokwe none@none.comKhomotso Semenya none@none.com<p>Introduction:<br>This study evaluates the impact of the Roundhill municipal landfill on groundwater quality in Berlin, Eastern Cape, South Africa. The objective was to assess physicochemical and microbial contamination, identify health risks, and trace pollution sources linked to landfill leachate.</p> <p>Materials and Methods:</p> <p>Groundwater samples were collected from five boreholes and one landfill leachate point. These were analysed for pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), conductivity, selected heavy metals (Al, Cd, Cr, Fe, Pb, Hg, Zn), and microbial contaminants (E. coli, Total Coliforms). Results were benchmarked against South African National Standard (SANS) 241 and World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Water Quality Index (WQI), Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI), and Human Health Risk Assessment (HHRA) models were applied. Pearson correlation and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were used for statistical evaluation.</p> <p>Results:<br>Significant contamination was observed in boreholes nearest the landfill (BH1 and BH2). Moreover, Cadmium (Cd) (569 µg/L), lead (Pb) (489 µg/L), and chromium (Cr) (451 µg/L) exceeded permissible limits and E. coli concentrations in BH2 reached 12,000 MPN/100 mL. WQI values exceeded 300, indicating water unsuitability for drinking. IWQI revealed potential soil permeability risks. HHRA showed Hazard Quotients >1 and elevated lifetime cancer risks, particularly for children. PCA and correlation analysis implicated landfill leachate as the main contamination source.</p> <p>Conclusion:<br>The Roundhill landfill poses a serious threat to local groundwater quality and public health. Immediate mitigation measures—such as enhanced landfill containment, water treatment systems, routine monitoring, and regulatory enforcement—are necessary to prevent further environmental and health degradation.</p>2025-06-30T05:14:21+00:00Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Developmenthttps://publish.kne-publishing.com/index.php/JEHSD/article/view/19011Job Safety Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment in the Park Rangers: A Case Study of Shirkooh Wildlife Refuge and the Masjed Mountain Private Protected Area2025-07-10T07:44:18+00:00Hesan Akhavan Ghalibafnone@none.comAfarin Akhavan none@none.comGholamhossein Halvaninone@none.comRohollah Fallah Madvarinone@none.com<p><strong>Background and Objective</strong>: This study aimed to assess the risks associated with environmental protection jobs in Ashkezar and Taft counties.</p> <p><strong>Materials and Methods</strong>: This was an applied descriptive study. Data were collected and analyzed using the Job Safety Analysis (JSA) method. Risk assessment of hazards was performed using a semi-quantitative approach based on the MIL-STD-882E military industry standard. The number of hazards identified across various categories, including physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic, psychological, mechanical, and social risks, was 2.102 hazards.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: According to the risk assessment results, 312 hazards (14.8%) were categorize as high risk, 939 hazards (44.67%) were considered in the warning risk category, and 851 hazards (40.49%) were at a risk level which was acceptable risk level. Based on the Pareto principle, the top 20% of hazards with the highest average Risk Priority Number (RPN) included inappropriate tools (e.g., heavy and inefficient bulletproof vests), conflicts and retaliation by offenders or individuals with prior motives, natural disasters, animal bites, lack of water and food resources, poisoning, exposure to accidents, traversing difficult and high-altitude routes, and gunfire. A total of 4,321 control measures were proposed to mitigate the risks associated with these hazards.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Administrative controls emphasize the importance of employee training, expertise, and experience, as well as the development of reference guides, instructions, and specialized regulations tailored for environmental protection. This database serves as a valuable resource for analyzing occupational hazards and predicting effective control measures, benefiting environmental protection efforts across Iran.</p>2025-06-30T05:15:30+00:00Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development