Anti-malarial Activity of Nano Tannic Acid MgO Extract Alone and Combined with Chloroquine against Plasmodium berghei

Alireza  Naziri; Afsaneh  Motevali-Haghi; Mehdi  Nateghpour; Mohammad  Shabani; S.  Ahmad Dehdast; Abbas  Rahimi-Foroushani; Aram  Khezri; Zahra  Farzaneh

doi:10.18502/jad.v18i3.18577

Alireza Naziri Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Afsaneh Motevali-Haghi Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Mehdi Nateghpour Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Mohammad Shabani Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
S. Ahmad Dehdast Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Abbas Rahimi-Foroushani Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Aram Khezri Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Zahra Farzaneh Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/jad.v18i3.18577

Keywords: Nano tannic acid; Malaria; Drug discovery; Combination therapy; Mice

Abstract

Background: The global rise in malaria parasite resistance to antimalarial drugs necessitates new therapeutic strategies. Medicinal plant extracts, long used in traditional malaria treatment, have shown antiplasmodial potential in recent studies. This study investigated the effects of nano tannic acid MgO (NTA MgO) and chloroquine (CQ), both individually and in combination, on a chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei strain.

Methods: BALB/c mice infected with P. berghei were divided into 11 groups. Groups were treated with NTA MgO (12.5, 25, 50, 100 mg/kg), CQ (1, 3, 10, 20 mg/kg), pure tannic acid (100 mg/kg), or assigned as controls. Peter's method determined the fifty percent effective dose (ED50) for NTA MgO and CQ. Drug interactions were assessed using the fixed-ratio method (ratios: 100/0, 90/10, 70/30, 50/50, 30/70, 10/90, 0/100). Parasitemia and inhibition percentages were calculated and analysed using SPSS software.

Results: The ED₅₀ values for CQ and NTA MgO were found to be 1.1 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg, respectively. A synergistic effect was observed when a combination of 30% CQ and 70% NTA MgO was used, which significantly reduced parasitemia compared to the control group (P< 0.05, Kruskal-Wallis test). Additionally, NTA MgO administered alone at a dosage of 25 mg/kg effectively reduced the parasite load.

Conclusion: NTA MgO showed strong antiplasmodial activity both alone and with chloroquine (CQ). The 30% CQ and 70% NTA MgO combination exhibited a significant synergistic effect, highlighting its potential as a new treatment for chloroquine-sensitive malaria and the promise of plant-based nanoparticles against drug-resistant malaria.