Predatory Efficiency of Larvivorous Fish against Mosquito Larvae in Different Water Temperature Levels: Implication in Control Measure of Dengue Vector

Desca Tyagnes-Hanindia; Didik Sumanto; Sayono Sayono

doi:10.18502/jad.v17i2.13617

Desca Tyagnes-Hanindia District Health Office of Demak District Government, Central Java Province, Indonesia
Didik Sumanto Undergraduate School in Public Health Science, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia
Sayono Sayono Undergraduate School in Public Health Science, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/jad.v17i2.13617

Keywords: Predatory efficiency; Larvivorous fish; Aedes aegypti larvae; Water temperature

Abstract

Background: Reduction of the Aedes aegypti population is the priority effort to control dengue virus transmission including the use of larvivorous fish. Biologically, the predatory efficiency of fish will slow down when the water acidity and temperature change from normal conditions. This study aimed to determine the predatory efficiency of three species of larvivorous fish against the Ae. aegypti larvae in different water temperatures.

Methods: Three well-known species of larvivorous fish namely Poecilia reticulata, Betta splendens, and Aplocheilus panchax were placed into 12 cm diameter jars with three water temperature ranges namely 20–21 ºC, 27–28 ºC, and 34–35 ºC, and allowed to three days acclimatization. As many as one hundred 4^th-instars larvae of Ae. aegypti were gradually entered into each jar, and a longitudinal observation was made at 5, 10, 30, 60, 120, 240, 360, 480, 600, and 720 minutes. The predated larvae were recorded.

Results: In normal temperature ranges, the predatory efficiency of the larvivorous fish was 75%, 72.3%, and 32.8% for B. splendens. Aplocheilus panchax, and P. reticulata, respectively. The predation abilities decreased due to temperature changes. Betta splendens and A. panchax indicated the best predatory efficiency against Ae. aegypti larvae in different temperature conditions.

Conclusion: Betta splendens is the best larvivorous fish in the lower to normal, but A. panchax is the best in the normal to higher temperature ranges. This finding should be considered by public health workers in selecting larvivorous fish to control the Dengue vectors.