Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Comfort Measuring Scale in Iranian Elderly Individuals with Chronic Conditions: A Multicenter Cross- Sectional Study

Abstract

Background & Objectives: Population aging is frequently accompanied by chronic disease trajectories and cumulative functional and psychosocial losses, all of which can undermine older adults’ overall sense of comfort. In this population, comfort is a fundamental human need that healthcare providers are ethically and professionally obliged to promote through intentional care strategies.

Materials & Methods: This multicenter cross-sectional study aimed to translate the Comfort Measuring Scale into Persian and examine its psychometric properties for use among Iranian older adults with chronic conditions. The instrument’s measurement characteristics, including validity and reliability, were evaluated in accordance with COSMIN standards.

Results: Item-level CVI scores ranged from 0.87 to 1.00, and the scale-level CVI was 0.96. Exploratory factor analysis identified a five-factor structure comprising Self-realization and Belonging, Normality of Life, Spirituality and Meaning of Life, Control, and Safety. Factor loadings ranged from 0.64 to 0.92, exceeded the conventional threshold for factor retention, and accounted for 67.78% of the total variance, thereby meeting the predefined adequacy criteria. Subsequent confirmatory factor analysis supported the proposed factor structure and demonstrated excellent goodness-of-fit indices (χ²/df = 1/109, RFI = 0.641, GFI = 0.951, RMSEA = 0.021, CFI = 0.951, NFI = 0.665, TLI = 0.948, PCFI = 0.888, and PNFI = 0.620). The scale also showed strong internal consistency, with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.90 for the full instrument.

Conclusion: The Persian version of the Comfort Measuring Scale demonstrated robust psychometric properties, supporting its use for assessing comfort among older adults with chronic conditions.